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Programming
Programming Language
Math
What programming languages most resemble math?
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Jan 29, 2024
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5
Options
Considered
What programming languages most resemble math
Price
License
Current stable version
--
Nim
-
MIT
2.0.0
--
Haskell
-
-
-
--
OCaml
-
LGPL version 2.1
4.0.7
--
Wolfram Mathematica
-
-
-
--
Coq
-
-
-
See Full List
--
Nim
My Rec
ommendation
for
Nim
My Recommendation for
Nim
All
14
Pros
13
Specs
Top
Pro
•••
Multi paradigm
Imperative, OOP, functional programming in one language.
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Specs
License:
MIT
Current stable version:
2.0.0
Platforms:
Windows, MacOS/iOS, Linux /Android/Termux, *BSD, Solaris/SmartOS, HaikuOS, lots of others
CPU:
All CPU architectures that have an ANSI C compiler or JavaScript interpreter
See All Specs
Top
Pro
•••
Built-in Unicode support
You can use unicode names for variables, there is "unicode" module for operations with unicode.
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Top
Pro
•••
Easy to read
Nim has a lot of common with Python in terms of syntax. Indentation-based syntax, for/while loops.
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Top
Pro
•••
Really cross-platform
The same code can be used for web, server, desktop and mobile.
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Top
Pro
•••
Has built-in unittest module
With built-in "unittest" module you can create test with a very readable code.
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Top
Pro
•••
Garbage-collected
You don't need to deal with all those manual memory allocations, Nim can take care of it. But also you can use another GC, or tweak it for your real-time application or a game.
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Top
Pro
•••
Supports UFCS (Unified Function Call Syntax)
writeLine(stdout, "hello") can be written as stdout.writeLine("hello") proc add(a: int): int = a + 5 can be used like 6.add.echo or 6.add().echo()
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Top
Pro
•••
Has built-in async support
Nim has "asyncdispatch" module, which allows you to write async applications.
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Top
Pro
•••
Great metaprogramming features
There are generics, templates, macros in Nim. They can allow you to write new DSL for your application, or avoid all boilerplate stuff.
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Top
Pro
•••
Strict typing
Checks your code at compile time.
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Top
Pro
•••
Type interferencing
You only need to specify types in your procedures and objects - you don't need to specify type when you're creating a new variable (unless you're creating it without initialization).
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Top
Pro
•••
Easy to integrate with another languages
You can use Nim with any language that can be interfaced with C. There's a tool which helps you to create new C and C++ bindings for Nim - c2nim. Also, you can use Nim with Objective C or even JavaScript (if you're compiling for these backends).
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Top
Pro
•••
Compile-time execution
Nim has a built-in VM, which executes macros and some other code at compile time. For example, you can check if you're on Windows, and Nim will generate code only for it.
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Hide
See All
Get it
here
Recommend
1
--
Haskell
My Rec
ommendation
for
Haskell
My Recommendation for
Haskell
All
15
Pros
14
Specs
Top
Pro
•••
Very few language constructs 
The base language relies primarily on function application, with a very small amount of special-case syntax. Once you know the rules for function application, you know most of the language.
See More
Specs
Site:
https://www.haskell.org/
Paradigm:
functional
Type System:
static
Top
Pro
•••
Mathematical consistency 
As Haskell lends itself exceedingly well to abstraction, and borrows heavily from the culture of pure mathematics, it means that a lot more code conforms to very high-level abstractions. You can expect code from vastly different libraries to follow the same rules, and to be incredibly self-consistent. It's not uncommon to find that a parser library works the same way as a string library, which works the same way as a window manager library. This often means that getting familiar and productive with new libraries is often much easier than in other languages.
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Top
Pro
•••
Easy to read
Haskell is a very terse language, particularly due to its type inference. This means there's nothing to distract from the intent of the code, making it very readable. This is in sharp contrast to languages like Java, where skimming code requires learning which details can be ignored. Haskell's terseness also lends itself to very clear inline examples in textbooks, and makes it a pleasure to read through code even on a cellphone screen.
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Top
Pro
•••
Hand-writeable concise syntax
Conciseness of Haskell lets us to write the expression on the whiteboard or paper and discuss with others easily. This is a strong benefit to learn FP over other languages.
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Top
Pro
•••
Powerful Categorical Abstractions
Makes categorical higher order abstractions easy to use and natural to the language
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Top
Pro
•••
Functions curry automatically
Every function that expects more than one arguments is basically a function that returns a partially applied function. This is well-suited to function composition, elegance, and concision.
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Top
Pro
•••
Powerful categorical abstractions
Makes categorical higher order abstractions easy to use and natural to the language.
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Top
Pro
•••
Referentially transparent
Haskell's Purely Functional approach means that code is referentially transparent. This means that to read a function, one only needs to know its arguments. Code works the same way that expressions work in Algebra class. There's no need to read the whole source code to determine if there's some subtle reference to some mutable state, and no worries about someone writing a "getter" that also mutates the object it's called on. Functions are all directly testable in the REPL, and there's no need to remember to call methods in a certain order to properly initialize an object. No breakage of encapsulation, and no leaky abstractions.
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Top
Pro
•••
Highly transferable concepts
Haskell's referential transparency, consistency, mathematics-oriented culture, and heavy amount of abstraction encourage problem solving at a very high level. The fact that this is all built upon little other than function application means that not only is the thought process, but even concrete solutions are very transferable to any other language. In fact, in Haskell, it's quite common for a solution to simply be written as an interpreter that can then generate code in some other language. Many other languages employ language-specific features, or work around a lack of features with heavy-handed design patterns that discourage abstraction, meaning that a lot of what is learned, and a lot of code that is needed to solve a particular problem just isn't very applicable to any other language's ecosystem.
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Top
Pro
•••
Forces you to learn pure functional programming
It is pure and does not mix other programming paradigms into the language. This forces you to learn functional programming in its most pure form. You avoid falling back on old habits and learn an entirely new way to program.
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Top
Pro
•••
Easy syntax for people with a STEM degree
Since the basic syntax is very similar to mathematics, Haskell syntax should be easy for people who have taken higher math courses since they would be used to the symbols used in maths.
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Top
Pro
•••
Quick feedback 
It's often said that, in Haskell, if it compiles, it works. This short feedback loop can speed up learning process, by making it clear exactly when and where mistakes are made.
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Top
Pro
•••
Open source
All Haskell implementations are completely free and open source.
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Top
Pro
•••
Popular in teaching
Haskell is really popular in universities and academia as a tool to teach programming. A lot of books for people who don't know programming are written around Haskell. This means that there are a lot of resources for beginners in programming with which to learn Haskell and functional programming concepts.
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Hide
See All
Get it
here
Recommend
5
--
OCaml
My Rec
ommendation
for
OCaml
My Recommendation for
OCaml
All
1
Specs
Specs
License:
LGPL version 2.1
Current stable version:
4.0.7
Site:
http://ocaml.org
OS:
Linux, Windows, OSX, BSD
See All Specs
Hide
Get it
here
Recommend
3
2
--
Wolfram Mathematica
My Rec
ommendation
for
Wolfram Mathematica
My Recommendation for
Wolfram Mathematica
All
4
Pros
3
Cons
1
Top
Pro
•••
Lots of functionality
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Top
Con
•••
Proprietary
The Wolfram language's implementation is Mathematica and other proprietary software produced by Wolfram research, which means that using it can be expensive and there is some degree of vendor lock-in.
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Top
Pro
•••
Very mature
Wolfram Mathematica has been around for a long time without any major changes in the basic design.
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Top
Pro
•••
Coherent API over different domains
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Hide
See All
Get it
here
Recommend
1
2
--
Coq
My Rec
ommendation
for
Coq
My Recommendation for
Coq
Hide
Get it
here
Recommend
2
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