What is the best alternative to Java?

Question

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score 158 · Answer 1

Kotlin

Kotlin has been designed and built by developers who have an industrial background and not an academic one. As such, it tries to solve issues mostly found in industrial settings. For example, the Kotlin type system helps developers avoid null pointer exceptions. Reasearch languages usually do not have null at all, but APIs and large codebases usually need null. See More

Specs

Price:Free, Open Source

Site:http://kotlinlang.org

Current stable version:1.2

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158 51

score 760 · Answer 2

Python

All

35

Pros

Do something visually interesting in minutes by using the turtle standard library package. https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/turtle.html Turtle graphics is a popular way for introducing programming to kids. It was part of the original Logo programming language developed by Wally Feurzig and Seymour Papert in 1966. Imagine a robotic turtle starting at (0, 0) in the x-y plane. After an import turtle, give it the command turtle.forward(15), and it moves (on-screen!) 15 pixels in the direction it is facing, drawing a line as it moves. Give it the command turtle.right(25), and it rotates in-place 25 degrees clockwise. Turtle can draw intricate shapes using programs that repeat simple moves. Example Turtle Star Drawing from turtle import * color('red', 'yellow') begin_fill() while True: forward(200) left(170) if abs(pos()) < 1: break end_fill() done() See More

Top Pro

Has features of both high and low level language

It is somewhere between C and Java. See More

Top Pro

Static typing via mypy

Python's syntax supports optional type annotations for use with a third-party static type checker, which can catch a certain class of bugs at compile time. This also makes it easier for beginners to gradually transition to statically typed languages instead of wrestling with the compiler from the start. See More

Specs

Current stable version:3.7.0 and 2.7.15

GZipped size:22.5MB

Language type:Interpreted

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760 187

score 202 · Answer 3

Haskell

All

24

Pros

Makes categorical higher order abstractions easy to use and natural to the language See More

Specs

Site:https://www.haskell.org/

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202 81

score 184 · Answer 4

Scala

Specs

Price:Open Source (Free)

Site:scala-lang.org

Current stable version:2.12.4

See All

184 101

score 210 · Answer 5

Clojure

Current stable version:1.9

GZipped size:3.7Mb, requires JAVA

See All

210 69

score 212 · Answer 6

C#

All

18

Pros

With .NET core it is a truly universal programming language which support desktop apps (Windows), Mobile apps (Xamarin), Web Apps (ASP.Core MVC). Also is perfectly fit to serverless programming for micro services. Soon it will be also support Web assembly (Blazor). See More

Specs

Price:Free

Current stable version:7

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212 110

score 128 · Answer 7

C++

Specs

Price:Depends on Implementation

Standard: ISO/IEC 14882 or C++17

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128 88

score 198 · Answer 8

Elixir

Write code that writes code with Elixir macros. Macros make metaprogramming possible and define the language itself. See More

Specs

Price:Open source (Free)

Site:https://elixir-lang.org

Current stable version:1.6

GZipped size:3.61 MB (without required Erlang VM)

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198 63

score 251 · Answer 9

Elm

Luckily you do not have to learn Haskell to be able to do any Elm. It is meant to be a language that compiles to Javascript, so for Javascript programmers (Front end) not for CS students who want to learn as many different algorithms as possible. See More

Specs

Price:Open Source

Site:http://elm-lang.org/

Current stable version:0.18

GZipped size:23.2 kB

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251 78

score 97 · Answer 10

F#

Site:http://www.fsharp.org

Current stable version:4.1

IDE Support:Visual Studio, Code, Rider

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97 39

score 43 · Answer 11

Ceylon

If you don't use platform-specific features, you can reuse the same code in your backend server (be it in Java or JavaScript) and in your client-side browser code, for example for storing data, validating input etc. See More

Specs

Price:Free, Open Source

Site:http://ceylon-lang.org

Current stable version:1.3.2

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43 19

score 230 · Answer 12

TypeScript

Specs

Price:Free, Open source

Site:http://www.typescriptlang.org/

Current stable version:2.3

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230 90

score 378 · Answer 13

JavaScript

All

43

Pros

Because it runs in many different environments, it is the most used language in the world. See More

Specs

Engine:V8/ChakraCore

Author:Ryan Dahl/Joyent

Minimum Supported ECMAScript Version:ECMAScript 6 (Node v4.x-v10.x)

Version(Latest):10.x

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378 194

score 173 · Answer 14

Ruby

All

19

Pros

Focussing on OOP in a beginner stage is an easy and popular plan, but not the best one. See More

Specs

Price:Open Source (Free)

Site:https://www.ruby-lang.org

Current stable version:2.4.1

GZipped size:13.5 MB

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173 99

score 186 · Answer 15

Haxe

You should use externs when calling non Haxe code, but if you just need to call one or two external JS functions, you can skip type checking by calling untyped code. See More

Specs

Price:Free, Open Source

Site:https://haxe.org/

Current stable version:3.4.4

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186 50

score 41 · Answer 16

Pharo

All

16

Pros

Most languages are still copying the Smalltalk tools of yesterday - GTInspector (written in Glamorous) takes live exploration of code/running objects to a new level. It's really slick, and better yet, you can easily write your own inspectors in 10 lines of code. See More

Top Pro

Code can be run on rock solid GemStone environment

Specs

Platforms:MacOSX; Linux; Windows

License:MIT

Price:Free / Open Source

Auto Complete:Y

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41 16

score 236 · Answer 17

Golang

Go is blazing fast, but easier to write than Python, JS, Ruby, or many other dynamic languages. See More

Specs

Platforms:Windows, Linux, Mac etc.

Current stable version:1.9.2

GZipped size:16MB

Author:Google and Ken Thompson

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236 84

score 110 · Answer 18

Lua

score 253 · Answer 19

C

All

31

Pros

All the modern languages have resulted in ditching the ancient deprecated model of #include statements and have instead adopted the superior model of modules. When compiling software written in C, the programmer is forced to also compile X headers which contain Y headers which contain Z headers and so forth -- drastically increasing the number of lines that need to be compiled. In order to compile something as simple as "Hello, World", for example, 18K lines of code needs to be compiled. This can be very taxing on RAM and CPU resources, causing compile times to quickly absorb a large portion of the programming process. See More

Top Con

Only offers basic support for source code split into multiple files

Modern programming languages are capable of compiling split source code files by concatenating them together efficiently at compile time before compiling them. However, C requires the developer to resort to messing with header files and makefiles to get similar functionality. See More

Specs

Price:Depends on Implementation, usually free

Standard:ISO/IEC 9899:2011/Cor 1:2012 or C11

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253 133

score 187 · Answer 20

Rust

Current stable version:1.26.0

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187 101