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4.7 star rating
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What is the best alternative to systemd?
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Dinit
All
8
Experiences
Pros
6
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
Robust
Written with a focus on being secure and correct.
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Con
Still new
It happens to freeze pretty often (tested on 2 different servers, 1 desktop and 2 laptops).
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Pro
Compact
With a reasonable feature set, but not at the cost of high complexity.
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Pro
Well documented
Check the extensive manual pages! • dinit(8) manpage • dinit-service(5) manpage • dinitcheck(8) manpage • dinitctl(8) manpage
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Pro
Free and Open Source
Distributed under the Apache License version 2.0.
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Pro
Portable
Written in portable C++ code; compiles and runs on a variety of Unix-likes (Linux, various BSDs).
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Pro
Fast startup times
Boots very fast.
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Specs
License:
Apache License 2.0
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C++
Latest Release:
January 8, 2023 (v0.16.1)
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Experiences
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57
5
OpenRC
All
15
Experiences
Pros
11
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
No feature creep
OpenRC follows the UNIX philosophy of 'do one thing and do it well', while it's true that it has more features than sysvinit, it does not stay away from its primary function with unnecessary added features.
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Con
No socket activation
OpenRC does not have socket activation yet. It will be added in the future though.
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Pro
Extremely simple
All configuration is done via shell scripts and symlinks. Shell scripts can then use various specialized utilities to ease the development of init scripts.
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Con
Not widely offered across distrubutions
From Distrowatch, only ten distributions (of which 8 Linux, 1 BSD) officially support OpenRC, and offer it through their standard repos.
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Pro
Fast
OpenRC builds on top of sysvinit and adds some more useful features (like parallel booting) while still the simplicity that sysvinit is know for. Because of this it generally boots faster than other init systems, especially when parallel booting is enabled.
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Con
Not GPL
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Pro
UNIX-Like
Does one thing and does it well.
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Pro
Less dependency creep
Using OpenRC does not lock in a distribution by providing specific NON-POSIX extra services which programs then would rely on.
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Pro
A very balanced compromise
Basically OpenRC doesn't replace SysV init, but rather works with it, providing features that SysV is lacking while taking advantage of its benefits. It's also used by a fair amount of reasonably popular distros and is well supported and developed.
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Pro
Very efficient on system resources
Uses multi-core and ram very efficiently.
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Pro
Portable
It can be ported to other UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems.
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Pro
Flexible and extensible
I can add a new startup script for most cases in under five minutes. The ability to quickly insert new applications into the system is a big help.
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Pro
Not bloated
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Pro
Deterministic
It always initializes a system the same way; if OpenRC booted and ran a system properly today, it will boot and run properly tomorrow, and the next day.
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Specs
License:
BSD-2-Clause License
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C, Shell
Initial release:
April 5, 2007
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Experiences
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189
28
runit
All
12
Experiences
Pros
8
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Fast, parallel startup
After the system's one time tasks (stage 1) are done, the system services are started up in parallel. The operating system's process scheduler takes care of having the services available as soon as possible.
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Con
Not GPL
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Pro
Small and Unix-like
One of the runit project's principles is to keep the code size small. As of version 1.0.0 of runit, the runit.c source contains 330 lines of code; the runsvdir.c source is 274 lines of code, the runsv.c source 509. This minimizes the possibility of bugs introduced by programmer's fault, and makes it more easy for security related people to proofread the source code. The runit core programs have a very small memory footprint and do not allocate memory dynamically.
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Con
Slow
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Pro
Easy to use
Simple scripts linked to the proper directory is all that's needed to bring a service up at boot, and everything is up and running quickly.
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Con
Development stalled
Last patch was back in 2014.
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Pro
Init purity - does what an init system must do and nothing more
UNIX philosophy, easy to add new services, easy to manipulate, really fast.
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Pro
Supported by several Linux plumbers
Myself included. Development is no longer stalled.
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Pro
Runs on every POSIX system
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Pro
Fast and easy to use
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Pro
Faster boot time than with systemd
Faster on older systems, especially those running on HDDs.
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Specs
License:
New BSD License
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C
Latest Release:
August 10, 2014 (v2.1.2)
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138
28
s6
All
9
Experiences
Pros
6
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
The perfect init
s6-rc, provides a real Service Manager, a Services Supervisor with Parallel RC and logging, upon demand. The perfect continuation, of Runit. ISC License, is not a barrier, Ibut instead, is so friendly to Open Source and Free Software Licence.
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Con
Heavy
It depends on libc, has a lot of code.
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Pro
Rock solid
Portable: Linux, BSD, Solaris POSIX. Can be compiled with musl. A lot of features including dependencies service management. Easy to implement with the conjunction of 66 which provide frontend file for service declaration, automatic logger creation,nested supervision tree,user service,instantiated services and many more. Best alternative ever. Work out of the box, PROC was made on Gentoo, Funtoo, Devuan, KISS linux, Adelie, Void, Antix. Default init system and service manager on Obarun and from a long time ago.
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Con
Not GPL
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Top
Pro
You can use all its components independently
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Top
Pro
Runs on every POSIX system
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Pro
Fastest init
Fastest boot speed.
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Top
Pro
ISC License
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Specs
License:
ISC License
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C
Initial Release:
2011
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Experiences
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96
21
SysVinit
All
16
Experiences
Pros
7
Cons
8
Specs
Top
Pro
Simple to understand
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Con
Duplicated implementation for every service
Every init script needs to reinvent the wheel for every script: argument processing, start/stop/restart/reload/status/whatever processing, finding/clearing/creating PID files, sourcing defaults, building and setting configuration options, so on and so forth.
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Pro
Very stable
Since sysvinit does only one thing (initialize the system) and one thing only, it's very stable and it's impossible for it to fail for any problems unrelated to booting the system.
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Con
Can lead to slow boot
Since init starts tasks serially, it has to wait for a certain task to finish in order to start the next one. But when startup processes end up I/O blocked, this leads to considerable delays during boot.
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Pro
Better boot time and overall performance
It boots up really fast if you use it on a desktop system.
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Con
Launches a bunch of processes to launch a process
Every init script spawns at least sh/dash/bash, and probably also additional processes such as cat, echo, start-stop-daemon, etc, just to start a single daemon that may not even be needed at the time of boot. This massive overhead results in poor performance, and is a killer for embedded systems.
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Pro
No feature creep
It is an init system nothing more.
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Con
Awkward runtime dependency handling
Comes with a directory tree of symlinks to handle the runtime dependencies with links like S01whatever and K11whatever to start/stop services in a specific runlevel. Writing init scripts that conform to the LSBInit standard of LSB, which does allow to define the dependencies in the script header, doesn't always get you covered.
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Pro
Easy temporary disabling of init scripts
Just rename the script to disable in /etc/init.d, i.e. /etc/init.d/whatever to whatever.disabled to disable the script and rename it back to whatever to enable it again.
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Con
Fragile
Scripts can be broken easily, specially if your machine state changes constantly (like almost all modern computers).
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Pro
Does not stop booting if something fails
It just works, misconfiguration of a third party service wont break booting.
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Con
Follows UNIX philosophy
Yes. This is a CON. Unix Philosophy was a set of guidelines that pretty much made sense in 60 and 70's machines. Trying to follow that instead of the material reality of computing makes software crippled, barely usable and prone to hit dead ends.
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Pro
Configuration based in text files, nothing hidden in the system as it can be done with binary configuration files
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Con
Initscripts is not portable
It is virtually impossible to write portable sysvinit-scripts.
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Con
Hard to write sysv-initscripts
As one needs programming skills (opposed to a declarative style).
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Specs
License:
GNU General Public License, version 2
Latest Release:
December 16, 2022 (v3.06)
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69
20
Upstart
All
4
Experiences
Pros
2
Cons
2
Top
Pro
Event based startup was fantastic.
Since it is event based, it was simple to have interdependent services emit status messages each other. Service start ordering and shutdown was easily managed in one conf file. The "lazy" start of systemd is BS and is a mess to debug . service unit files have no clue what another service state is. The maintainers add arbitrary timers that add more complexity and more init hangs. The systemd documentation is poor. When a service fails to start (or stop) systemd follows the Microsoft model of not telling the reason why.
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Con
Ubuntu abandoned it
The original developers (Canonical) seem to have abandoned this project. At least they're no longer using it in Ubuntu.
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Top
Pro
Simple .conf file in /etc/init
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Con
It was just sysvinit or systemd in disguise
It really just offered a barely more intuitive way to create init scripts for the actual init system running behind upstart.
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15
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