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What is the best alternative to SysVinit?
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Dinit
All
8
Experiences
Pros
6
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
Robust
Written with a focus on being secure and correct.
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Con
Still new
It happens to freeze pretty often (tested on 2 different servers, 1 desktop and 2 laptops).
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Pro
Compact
With a reasonable feature set, but not at the cost of high complexity.
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Pro
Well documented
Check the extensive manual pages! • dinit(8) manpage • dinit-service(5) manpage • dinitcheck(8) manpage • dinitctl(8) manpage
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Pro
Free and Open Source
Distributed under the Apache License version 2.0.
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Pro
Portable
Written in portable C++ code; compiles and runs on a variety of Unix-likes (Linux, various BSDs).
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Pro
Fast startup times
Boots very fast.
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Specs
License:
Apache License 2.0
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C++
Latest Release:
January 8, 2023 (v0.16.1)
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Experiences
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57
5
OpenRC
All
15
Experiences
Pros
11
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
No feature creep
OpenRC follows the UNIX philosophy of 'do one thing and do it well', while it's true that it has more features than sysvinit, it does not stay away from its primary function with unnecessary added features.
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Con
No socket activation
OpenRC does not have socket activation yet. It will be added in the future though.
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Pro
Extremely simple
All configuration is done via shell scripts and symlinks. Shell scripts can then use various specialized utilities to ease the development of init scripts.
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Con
Not widely offered across distrubutions
From Distrowatch, only ten distributions (of which 8 Linux, 1 BSD) officially support OpenRC, and offer it through their standard repos.
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Pro
Fast
OpenRC builds on top of sysvinit and adds some more useful features (like parallel booting) while still the simplicity that sysvinit is know for. Because of this it generally boots faster than other init systems, especially when parallel booting is enabled.
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Con
Not GPL
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Pro
UNIX-Like
Does one thing and does it well.
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Pro
Less dependency creep
Using OpenRC does not lock in a distribution by providing specific NON-POSIX extra services which programs then would rely on.
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Pro
A very balanced compromise
Basically OpenRC doesn't replace SysV init, but rather works with it, providing features that SysV is lacking while taking advantage of its benefits. It's also used by a fair amount of reasonably popular distros and is well supported and developed.
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Pro
Very efficient on system resources
Uses multi-core and ram very efficiently.
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Pro
Portable
It can be ported to other UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems.
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Pro
Flexible and extensible
I can add a new startup script for most cases in under five minutes. The ability to quickly insert new applications into the system is a big help.
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Pro
Not bloated
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Pro
Deterministic
It always initializes a system the same way; if OpenRC booted and ran a system properly today, it will boot and run properly tomorrow, and the next day.
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Specs
License:
BSD-2-Clause License
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C, Shell
Initial release:
April 5, 2007
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Experiences
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189
28
runit
All
12
Experiences
Pros
8
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Fast, parallel startup
After the system's one time tasks (stage 1) are done, the system services are started up in parallel. The operating system's process scheduler takes care of having the services available as soon as possible.
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Con
Not GPL
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Pro
Small and Unix-like
One of the runit project's principles is to keep the code size small. As of version 1.0.0 of runit, the runit.c source contains 330 lines of code; the runsvdir.c source is 274 lines of code, the runsv.c source 509. This minimizes the possibility of bugs introduced by programmer's fault, and makes it more easy for security related people to proofread the source code. The runit core programs have a very small memory footprint and do not allocate memory dynamically.
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Con
Slow
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Pro
Easy to use
Simple scripts linked to the proper directory is all that's needed to bring a service up at boot, and everything is up and running quickly.
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Con
Development stalled
Last patch was back in 2014.
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Pro
Init purity - does what an init system must do and nothing more
UNIX philosophy, easy to add new services, easy to manipulate, really fast.
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Pro
Supported by several Linux plumbers
Myself included. Development is no longer stalled.
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Pro
Runs on every POSIX system
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Pro
Fast and easy to use
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Pro
Faster boot time than with systemd
Faster on older systems, especially those running on HDDs.
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Specs
License:
New BSD License
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C
Latest Release:
August 10, 2014 (v2.1.2)
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138
28
s6
All
9
Experiences
Pros
6
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
The perfect init
s6-rc, provides a real Service Manager, a Services Supervisor with Parallel RC and logging, upon demand. The perfect continuation, of Runit. ISC License, is not a barrier, Ibut instead, is so friendly to Open Source and Free Software Licence.
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Con
Heavy
It depends on libc, has a lot of code.
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Pro
Rock solid
Portable: Linux, BSD, Solaris POSIX. Can be compiled with musl. A lot of features including dependencies service management. Easy to implement with the conjunction of 66 which provide frontend file for service declaration, automatic logger creation,nested supervision tree,user service,instantiated services and many more. Best alternative ever. Work out of the box, PROC was made on Gentoo, Funtoo, Devuan, KISS linux, Adelie, Void, Antix. Default init system and service manager on Obarun and from a long time ago.
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Con
Not GPL
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Pro
You can use all its components independently
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Pro
Runs on every POSIX system
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Pro
Fastest init
Fastest boot speed.
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Pro
ISC License
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Specs
License:
ISC License
Type:
Init system
Programming Language:
C
Initial Release:
2011
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Experiences
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96
21
Upstart
All
4
Experiences
Pros
2
Cons
2
Top
Pro
Event based startup was fantastic.
Since it is event based, it was simple to have interdependent services emit status messages each other. Service start ordering and shutdown was easily managed in one conf file. The "lazy" start of systemd is BS and is a mess to debug . service unit files have no clue what another service state is. The maintainers add arbitrary timers that add more complexity and more init hangs. The systemd documentation is poor. When a service fails to start (or stop) systemd follows the Microsoft model of not telling the reason why.
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Con
Ubuntu abandoned it
The original developers (Canonical) seem to have abandoned this project. At least they're no longer using it in Ubuntu.
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Pro
Simple .conf file in /etc/init
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Con
It was just sysvinit or systemd in disguise
It really just offered a barely more intuitive way to create init scripts for the actual init system running behind upstart.
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16
15
systemd
All
31
Experiences
Pros
10
Cons
21
Top
Con
UNIX-like isn't the same as the UNIX philosophy
One of the main argument that people who are against using systemd is that it does not follow one of UNIX'S core concepts: 'Do one thing and do it well'. Instead, systemd represents a collection of dozens of tightly coupled libraries, with responsibilities that exceed those of a simple init system, since it also tries to handle things like device management, power management, mount points, cron, encryption, syslog, network configuration etc...
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Pro
Full use of kernel features
No POSIX.
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Con
Makes dependent products difficult to port
Software dependent on systemd. Becomes difficult to port to systems that lack systemd.
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Pro
GPL Licence
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Con
Binary logging
A binary log structure means that any tools you want to use to parse it will have to be aware of its format, and know how to deal with the ways it can become corrupted. Otherwise, it's not really possible in the easy sense.
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Pro
Free and open source
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Con
Too monolithic
It tries to do too much - most people who use systemd aren't even aware of most of the features and don't really use them. It makes can be with complicated to deal with, and it's possible that in a few years this project will be a nightmare to maintain, and the users will feel the effects.
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Pro
Easy to manage
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Con
Overkill as an init system, resulting to unsafe init system
1.2 million code lines... How this monster is controlled with such a huge size, for security leaks and other aspects? How about if, the homed new service fails and your home folder may become unreadable or useless?
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Pro
Easy to understand
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Con
Aggressive marketing
It's trying to deprive people of freedom of choice.
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Pro
Doesn't cripple your hardware
Instead of assuming your computer is a static machine, systemd is designed with modern computers plug and play design in mind.
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Con
Frequently change APIs
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Pro
Backed by Red Hat
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Con
Makes maintaining a hassle
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Pro
Cgroups processes control
Systemd groups all processes by services using Linux's cgroups. Think about memory/cpu/tasks/IO/Net limits and accounting for any service.
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Con
It's all or nothing
While it is technically possible to use software without SystemD, it really is true that it is "almost impossible" to use software without it, given that all the hard porting work to other init systems has not been done already for you, or given the fact that you are trying to install unported packages directly from the authors (either from binary, like a DEB file, or from source.) Consider the following: Every major Linux distribution runs SystemD as an only option for init systems. Around %95 of GNU/Linux users use SystemD, give or take. SystemD makes things easier for lazy developers (at a cost, however.) Therefore, most software packages that depend on an init system are developed with inherent and sole SystemD support, in favor of the status quo. While distributions such as Artix-, Gentoo-, and Void Linux have been able to correct packages that depend on SystemD, it is not the easiest to do so. Developers and users wanting to package their own software or build software from source may give up trying to work without SystemD since the software may need to be edited for extra compatibility.
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Pro
Login management out of the box
Systemd contains a daemon called logind which is used for managing user logins.
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Con
The new version does not consider backward compatibility
They just remove the features they think are "incorrect".
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Pro
Default for many popular distributions
Systemd is the default init system for most popular Linux distributions (Arch, Debian, Ubuntu, openSUSE, Fedora, etc.) Therefore there is an insane amount of support behind Systemd. Choosing Systemd means running with the herd, which comes with it's pros and few (or none for some people) cons.
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Con
Connects to Google DNS servers by default
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Con
Mindset of monopoly is behind it
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Con
Need glibc
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Con
Low-quality code
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Con
Unstable
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Con
Kills background processes after the user logs out by default
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Con
DDNS is done poorly between DHCP and DNS
Unlike ISC DHCP server/client, systemd-dhcp-client and systemd-dhcp-server cannot do DNSSEC, SVC, and many RRCODE. Stick with Bind9 and isc-dhcp-server instead.
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Con
systemd-networkd has poor network event handling for cable disconnect
When you disconnect the LAN cable, nothing happens in systemd-networkd. If you used non-systemd DHCP, you get a new subnet (if it changed).
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Con
systemd-DHCP cannot update subnet after reconnecting LAN from work to home
DHCP client that is builtin the systemd is really simple and rudimentary. Won't work with Verizon/Comcast DHCP ISP servers directly (must use their modem). Other DHCP client can, like ISC dhclient, or dhcpcd.
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Con
Lead developer shows near complete lack of care for standards of quality needed for developing a part of an OS as integral as the init system is
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Con
Runs only on Linux
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