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PostgreSQL
All
11
Experiences
Pros
9
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
High performance
PostgreSQL performance increases with each release, this is also proven by many benchmark tests. Notable performance features include: As PostgreSQL only supports one storage engine, it has been able to integrate and optimise it and with the rest of the database. This has resulted in multiple benefits such as the ability to allow different transaction types to co-exist efficiently without the need to select storage engine types once for each table ahead of time. On the fly data compression resulting in less IO required for reading. Asynchronous + synchronous Replication. PostgreSQL supports a asynchronous API for use by client applications. It is reported to increase performance by up to 40% and is not supported by MySQL. Designed to scale very well with large numbers of cores at high concurrency levels.
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Con
Not suited for small apps
Because of it's complexity and power, it may be an overkill to use PostgreSQL in small applications that will not make use of it's full power.
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Pro
Fully ACID compliant
PostgreSQL is known to have a very holistic approach to robustness and data integrity which is reflected by it being fully ACID compliant. PostgreSQL has always been strict about making sure data is valid before allowing it into the database, and there is no way for a client to bypass those checks. Depending on your requirements, ACID compliance might be important.
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Pro
Strong community
PostgreSQL has a strong community backing it, with guides, tutorials and support for any kind of problem a developer may have.
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Pro
Support for JSON data type
JSON data can be stored as a column with optional indexes. In 9.4 (upcoming at the time of this writing), JSONB will be a binary version of JSON that will save space. It's like the best of the NO-SQL world without having to give up ACID and Relationships. This means that cascading deletes can be done in a single Transaction across multiple JSON documents.
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Pro
Actively developed
Regular fixes and features are released
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Pro
Support for geographic objects
PostgreSQL can be extended to have geographic object support through PostGIS and allows for location queries to be run through SQL.
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Pro
Multiple node packages available
There are many packages (like Sequelize) that integrate deeply with the features Postgres offers.
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Pro
Support Perl and Python for coding stored procedures
Postgres supports popular languages for coding stored procedures, such as Perl and Python. So, you can fairly easy transform just DB-server to reliable Service with complex business logic.
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Pro
Open Source, powerful and on par with other paid RDBMS'
It is a powerful, open source product that has all the bells and whistles when compared with its costly, proprietary counterparts.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac, BSD
Technology:
C
JSON?:
Yes
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352
33
MySQL
All
5
Experiences
Pros
3
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
Scalable
MySQL is made to handle a lot of data and to be used in large applications. This makes it extremely scalable and fast, even under a lot of workload.
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Con
Error messages usually are not very detailed
When you are trying to do something in MySQL and something goes wrong it will simply give you an error message with an error code. Which does not say much about what went wrong unless you look it up online. This can be a little cumbersome during development.
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Pro
Multiple third-party tools that help working with MySQL
Since MySQL is one of the most popular relational databases, maybe the most popular, there exist many third-party tools and applications that help developers to use MySQL in their development.
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Pro
Easy to start working with
Because of it's popularity there are a lot of tutorials and guides out there that help developers install and work with MySQL. The installation process itself is not very hard and there are multiple powerful GUI tools that make it extremely easy to work with MySQL for a beginner.
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Technology:
C/C++
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32
MariaDB
All
4
Experiences
Pros
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Truly open development community
All development decisions for MariaDB can be reviewed and debated on a public mailing list or in the public bug tracker. Contributing to MariaDB is easy and the patch flow is fully transparent and public. But it's not all about the code contribution either - MariaDB also has very active documentation efforts and other related things that help developers in their day-to-day database administration.
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Pro
More cutting edge features
e.g. GIS since 5.3
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Pro
Dynamic column support
MariaDB has dynamic column support which allows for some NoSQL type functionality. So one database interface can provide both SQL and NoSQL for different software development needs.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, macOS, BSD
Technology:
C, C++, Perl, Bash
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62
19
Oracle Database
All
10
Experiences
Pros
7
Cons
3
Top
Pro
World wide technical support
Oracle is a large company with specialists in a lot of countries. It's very easy to find consultants and any kind of help with Oracle.
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Top
Con
Proprietary
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Pro
Useful features for daily workflow
Some of the most important features are the partitioning option, active data guard, and security options. All of these are very useful for daily workflow.
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Con
Terrible company reputation
Oracle is very (in)famous for being involved in a number of controversies. Some of them have ended up in lawsuits with other tech companies because of license disputes. The latest one is a lawsuit against Google for Google's implementation of JAVA in their Android ecosystem.
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Pro
Stable
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Con
Ghost data
To work around ghost data you can after encrypting something, manually move everything out of the old table space and then shred those data files. To be able to get rid of ghost data automatically would be great.
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Pro
Secure
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Pro
Scalable
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Pro
Reduced downtime during upgrades
Oracle Database has parallel upgrading for high available applications. Updates are made in parallel without keeping the database down.
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Pro
High performance parallel quesries
Oracle Database has introduced concurrent execution of union branches, which means that one set of parallel servers will execute one branch, a second set will execute another branch and so on. Instead of the old system where each branch executed one after the other.
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13
OrientDB
All
13
Experiences
Pros
9
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Multi-model database (document, object, graph)
This database is primarily, or historically, thought of as a graph database. However, it is actually a multi-model database that supports a variety of noSQL models (key-value, document, etc.).
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Top
Con
Not well known
It's a very unfortunate thing, but it's true. Not many people know of this gem so that makes it difficult to find community support at times. It also makes it hard to get people on board with it who shop products by brand name or flashy marketing. It also means there are fewer code snippets, libraries, and frameworks that consider it. While it's interoperability is good with SQL support and Tinkerpop, it still doesn't change the fact that many things don't give it much thought and that can lead to more work as a developer sometimes.
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Pro
Open Source commercial friendly license (Apache 2)
The Apache 2 license is one of the most liberal licenses. You can use OrientDB for any purpose for free.
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Con
Learning curve
A lot of effort went into making OrientDB easy and familiar to use (such as SQL queries for example). However, it's important to understand the database engine a bit and how it works in general (links for example). This involves a bit of a learning curve if you're not familiar with graph databases. Not an enormous curve or anything, but it's still a consideration.
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Pro
Free clustering support
Unlike other NoSql databases, OrientDB offers clustering support for free. Furthermore, it's not a basic Master/Slave, but it supports Master-Master replication + Sharding.
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Con
Bulk inserts may cause an out of memory crash
When doing inserts in OrientDB you have to be careful to do them one at a time. Bulk inserts may cause out of memory error.
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Pro
Distributed Graph Database with relational type Documents
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Pro
Supports sql as well as other query languages
It can be queried in a number of ways, but the ability to query with SQL makes it a bit more familiar to use.
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Pro
Multi-master replication
OrientDB is incredibly scalable thanks to its multi-master replication. All nodes in a cluster can both read and write.
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Pro
Full text search
Full text search support is available when using Lucene based indexing algorithm.
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Pro
Performance
OrientDB is very fast, especially when it comes to relationships between records (or "links").
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Pro
Enterprise version available
The Community Edition is free and covers many features, but an Enterprise Edition is available (prices are transparent, published online) with 24x7 support.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
Technology:
Java
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Free
41
11
Postgres
All
13
Experiences
Pros
10
Cons
3
Top
Pro
Open Source
Built by passionate developers, available for free, and is well supported by its active community.
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Top
Con
Overkill for simple setups
If a database will be doing many simple operations Postgres may be over-kill.
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Top
Pro
Supports migration from other major proprietary and open source databases
With the extensive SQL support and migration tools, Postgres users are easily able to migrate their databases over to the Postgres database with little effort.
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Top
Con
Vaccuuming can cause headaches
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Top
Pro
JSON support
JSON support allows for Postgres to transfer data as raw text and without attributes and markup overhead. This will result in new levels of speed, efficiency and flexibility for developers.
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Top
Con
Can't be run as an embedded database
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Pro
Highly scalable
Continues to work well under low or heavy loads in order to meet the users' need.
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Pro
Object-Oriented Database
You can reuse existing approved design table and extend its capability by inheritance. You can reuse ancestor method byy declaring new trigger for descendant but reuse ancestor trigger procedure. You can add, remove or override column constraint making it differ from its ancestor. Applying OOP with database design help me reuse, extend, and encapsulate business logic and end up a rapid design, and less errants. PostgreSQL is a powerful RDBMS while its OOP is sufficient for OOP modular design. Especially its Open Source ,and free.
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Pro
True ACID-compliance
Built in, so users won't have to worry about atomicity, consistency, isolation and the durability of the database.
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Pro
Multi-Version Concurrency Control (MVCC)
Postgres uses MVCC. For each user connected to the database the Postgres database shows a snapshot of the database at a particular instance. When the database needs to update an item it will add the newer version and mark the old version as obsolete. This allows the database to save overhead but requires a regulated sweep to delete the old, obsolete data.
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Pro
Multiple Language Interfaces
"There are interfaces for Java (JDBC), ODBC, Perl, Python, Ruby, C, C++, PHP, Lisp, Scheme, and Qt just to name a few."
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Pro
Great query planner
Unlike MySQL, you generally don't spend time on hinting the query planner in order to make PostGres perform well.
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Pro
RETURNING option on INSERT queries
For example: INSERT INTO table (field_1, field_2, field_3) VALUES (value_1, value_2, value_3) RETURNING id;
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2
ArangoDB
All
7
Experiences
Pros
6
Specs
Top
Pro
Document and graph-orientend
You can model your data as documents or as a graph - no data model lock-in. You can even combine both models and use them in a single AQL query.
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Top
Pro
Supports joins
Unlike many NoSQL databases, ArangoDB does support joins in AQL queries.
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Pro
JavaScript-API
You can extend ArangoDB using JavaScript that runs directly on the Server (Google V8). You can build data-centric microservices that aggregate, validate, transform or enrich data (It's up to you, plain JavaScript) and provide those via a custom API route.
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Top
Pro
Transaction save
You can use ACID Transactions for short and small data retrieval and/or modification operations in ArangoDB.
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Pro
Easy cluster setup
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Pro
Powerful Java Driver (Sync & Async)
ArangoDB has a very good Java Driver for synchronous and asynchronous. In addition the team there is working on a Spring Data integration.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
Technology:
C++
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36
13
SQL Server Express
All
7
Experiences
Pros
4
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Con
Proprietary
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Pro
Rich developer tools
SQL Server Express has deep integration with Visual Studio, Visual Web Developer and SQL Server Management allowing for ease-of-use and rich table and query designers. It may be the best choice for someone who develops in the Microsoft environment.
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Top
Con
Hardware limitations
Maximum number of cores: 4 Maximum memory utilized per instance: 1GB Maximum size: 10GB This hardware could be limiting with some high profile apps and sites.
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Top
Pro
Easily manage SQL Server instances
"Manage SQL Server Express databases with SQL Server Management Studio Express. Connect to local SQL Server Express databases and manage objects with full Object Explorer integration. Write, execute, and test queries by using visual query plans, and access management and maintenance options."
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Top
Pro
Free
With a variety of versions to choose from the SQL Server Express version is free of charge. It is capable of upgrading to higher tiers, but that requires a fee.
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Pro
Easy backup and restore
Can be deployed to all editions of SQL Server and Microsoft Azure SQL Database
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Docker
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12
RethinkDB
All
10
Experiences
Pros
7
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Easy install
Only takes about 30 seconds to install. They also have a docker file for running it on AWS, Google Cloud or your own.
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Top
Con
Cannot run queries from its CLI
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Pro
Changefeeds (change listeners)
You can listen to changes and trigger code based on these changes.
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Con
No user accounts
This is just the database, you need to setup your own auth and user accounts (such as using Auth0).
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Pro
Powerful query language
RethinkDB's ReQL is a very powerful functional query language. The functional aspects of ReQL and the straightforward implementation of the Node driver for Rethinkdb make it a natural fit for Javascript developers. You no longer have to type some obscure syntax in quotes (aka SQL), your queries are just "natural" Javascript functions in the same way you would use lodash to handle your collections.
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Pro
Auto master promotion
Unlike a lot of other databases where if the master is down the system is down, this one if the master is down someone else is made master so much more peer to peer.
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Pro
CLI and web administration tools
RethinkDB has administration tools in both CLI and GUI (web app). You can view whats going on right away by going to localhost:8080. The data explorer allows you to run queries on the db.
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Pro
Horizontal scalability
RethinkDB is scalable horizontally. It has support for sharding, parallel queries and MVCC concurrency.
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Pro
Ease of cluster setup
You can directly tell it to shard/replicate and how many shards/replicas depending on the amount of nodes. Each node doesn't need anything except one other node's ip/port in the cluster to join and maybe the auth.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
Technology:
C++, Python
JSON?:
Yes
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120
44
MongoDB
All
9
Experiences
Pros
5
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Perfect documentation and tutorials
Miles above other databases in educational resources.
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Top
Con
Reported to lose or corrupt data
MongoDB is famously known for leaking and losing data over time.
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Pro
Great speed
MongoDB queries can be very fast because the data is usually all in one place and can easily be retrieved in a single lookup. But this is true only when the data is truly a document. When it's trying to emulate a relational model it starts to become really slow because it may have to perform many independent queries to retrieve a single document.
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Con
Document Stores may be not suited for relational data
MongoDB has no JOIN, all relations are supposed to be resolved client-size which entails additional requests to the server.
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Pro
Uses JSON
As Node.js uses JavaScript there's no need to map the returned JSON data from MongoDB, as JavaScript is a superset of JSON. Essentially solving object-relational impedance mismatch by its very nature. Working with JSON is also easier overall as it more easily fits into how you would represent data on the client.
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Con
Need many search features
Though it is possible to index and search text in documents in MongoDB 4.0 in multiple languages. The indexing and search is not as powerful as for example Elastic Search. For instance not being able to search for only parts of words.
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Pro
Doesn't require a unified data structure
Mongo is very flexible in that it doesn't require a unified data structure across all objects. So it's rather easy to use.
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Pro
Easy to scale
MongoDB has powerful sharding and scaling capabilities for when the data stored in the database gets so large that a single machine may not be able to store all of it. Sharding solves this problem through horizontal scaling. Mongo gives developers the ability to easily and painlessly add or remove as many machines as needed.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows,Mac,Linux
JSON?:
true
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130
54
Orchestrate
All
7
Experiences
Pros
5
Cons
2
Top
Pro
Effortless/Automatic Scaling
Orchestrate was built for scale. Orchestrate is a full-fledged distributed data system, provided as a multi-tenant service. There is no need to manage finite server resources like disk space, CPU, or memory
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Con
Data are not on your server
Since it's a DBaaS, your data are completely on their server. It cannot be run on your server. Backup is handled by them as well, which may be good or not depending on your needs.
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Pro
Already set up for you
Orchestrate is a Database-as-a-Service, so there is no downloading, installation, or any other administration. It also makes configuration management and deployment easy.
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Con
Not Open Source
Orchestrate is not an open source solution.
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Pro
Great Node.js support
Orchestrate.js is a first class client for Node.js applications
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Pro
Fault Tolerance Baked In
As a DBaaS, Orchestrate manages replicas and sharding across multiple machines. Additionally, daily backups are managed by the company.
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Pro
Multiple Query types at Low Latencies
No other database provides Full-Text-Search, Time-Series, Graph, and Key/Value APIs. Moreover, as a DBaaS, the queries are pre-optimized for low latencies. Consistently under 10ms for any query.
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9
2
MySQL with InnoDB
All
6
Experiences
Pros
4
Cons
2
Top
Pro
Multiple APIs
Some of these APIs include ODBC, Java (JDBC), Perl, Python, PHP, Ruby, and native C. Also, there are a number of third party APIs that are available for use to interact with the database
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Con
InnoDB is not fully configured
When you initially install MySQL, InnoDB needs to be configured to make it suite your needs and there are many issues you can come across.
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Pro
Many applications available
There are a number of applications that are built with the focus of MySQL. Some of these include Drupal, Joomla, Wordpress and more.
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Con
Highly dependent on hard disk performance
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Pro
Scalable
Works well under simple operations or heavy tasks.
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Pro
Huge community support
Being the world's most popular open source database means there are tons of available examples and information for users' to access.
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9
3
Apache Cassandra
All
5
Experiences
Pros
4
Cons
1
Top
Con
No JOINS
Cassandra has no support for JOINS.
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Pro
Highly available cluster
Once setup database is set up, it becomes highly available without any downtime.
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Pro
Highly scalable
Cassandra is very scalable and achieves the highest throughput for the maximum number of nodes compared to other alternatives. Unfortunately this also brings rather high write and read latencies.
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Pro
Familiar to developers used to SQL
The query language that Cassandra uses (CQL) is similar to SQL even though it's a NoSQL database.
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Pro
Rapid writing and lightning-fast reading
After measuring the read/write performance values on one server, you can simply calculate how many more servers you should add to the cluster to reach the required performance levels, and scale easily.
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5
Redis
All
4
Experiences
Pros
4
Top
Pro
Redis is written in ANSI C and therefore doesn't have a VM
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Pro
Good support
Redis has great docs, an active mailing list, and a github community.
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Pro
Redis uses the BSD license
This means that it is able to be used in a commercial product if one wants.
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Pro
There are numerous client libraries and frameworks to make redis more powerful
For Node.JS for example you can get something similar to what Parse.com was offering by using Node ORM.
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20
CouchDB
All
8
Experiences
Pros
5
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Works well between physical network partitions
CouchDB works very well even when the network is physically partitioned
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Con
Can only achieve consistency through replication and verification
Since CouchDB is considered an AP (Available, Partition-Tolerant database management system), it is not really consistent (not all clients can have the same view of the data consistently) and the only way to achieve some "eventual consistency" is through replication and verification of data.
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Pro
Available
CouchDB is considered an available DMS according to the ACP theory of database management. As such it allows every client to always read and write
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Con
Uncertain future
After a very promising start, development began to drag after major supporters like Canonical, Selenium and CouchOne either shut down or moved to other tools. Development has begun to pick up again.
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Top
Pro
Useful for applications where versioning is important
CouchDB is mostly used in applications where a large amount of data needs to be accumulated and where data only changes rarely.
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Pro
Changes API
You can use the RESTful API to listen for changes in your database, which is something most databases can't do. It makes it really easy for clients to keep their view of data up-to-date.
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Pro
RESTful API
Since everything is stored as a JSON document and served over HTTP, it's perfectly suited for communicating with client-side javascript, with or without middleware.
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Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac, Android, BSD
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22
Couchbase
All
9
Experiences
Pros
6
Cons
3
Top
Con
Vendor lock-in
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Pro
Open source
Couchbase and Couchbase Mobile are open source and released under the Apache License.
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Top
Con
No model mapper for Android
Couchbase does not have a model mapper for Android built-in and out of the box, instead you will have to write your own from scratch.
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Top
Pro
Easy to implement N1QL queries
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Con
Not Compatible with couchdb
Since version 2 the sync-protocol is no longer compatible with couchdb. This makes couchbase nearly worthless
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Top
Pro
Ability to run ad-hoc SQL like queries on realtime big data
Couchbase N1QL allows native SQL processing over JSON data with high performance indexing for low latency queries at scale.
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Pro
Easy sync protocol to mobile devices
The minimal code needed to pull data down to a device
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Pro
Available on Windows, Linux & macOS
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Pro
Ability to make predefined fast queries
With Couchbase you can make "Views" of data, which are practically predefined queries which are fetched with an O(1) algorithm.
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56
45
MarkLogic
All
7
Experiences
Pros
4
Cons
3
Top
Pro
Search engine native
No other ACID database has even close to the text handling capabilities that are built-in to MarkLogic. Many multi-model databases rely on Lucene to provide text indexing, which leads to unnecessary latency and complexity.
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Con
Enterprise focused
MarkLogic is more focused on the specific needs of enterprise customers who need ACID rigor and element level security. There are less costly options if eventual consistency and application-level security are good enough for you.
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Pro
Massively scalable
Configuring MarkLogic for scale out is simple with both APIs and UI based mechanisms to add and manage cluster nodes that auto-shard and redistribute themselves for maximum efficiency.
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Con
Proprietary
License is $18k/year
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Pro
XML powerhouse
MarkLogic supports XML natively and adheres to all W3C standards surrounding XML. It even uses XQuery as a powerful application engine. Recent editions are also JSON native, which makes it fit in with modern JavaScript and web-centric applications.
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Con
Too good to be true
If you are skeptical about product claims, MarkLogic may seem a bit too good to be true. MANY applications could benefit from implementing MarkLogic instead of creaky old RDBMS or immature NoSQL databases or even search engines like Lucene/Solr/Elastic.
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Pro
Uniquely offers full ACID transactions in a multi-model database
MarkLogic is the only Multi-model database in the world that is fully ACID and treats unstructured content as a first class citizen.
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