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Linux
What are the best privacy focused Linux distributions?
5
Options
Considered
34
User
Recs.
Jan 20, 2024
Last
Updated
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5
Options
Considered
Best privacy focused Linux distributions
Price
Based On
Default Desktop Environment
--
Whonix
-
Debian
KDE
--
Linux Kodachi
-
Debian>Ubuntu
Xfce
--
Tails
-
Debian
GNOME
--
Qubes OS
-
Fedora
Anything is possible
--
IprediaOS
-
-
-
See Full List
--
Whonix
My Rec
ommendation
for
Whonix
My Recommendation for
Whonix
All
1
Specs
Specs
Based On:
Debian
Default Desktop Environment:
KDE
Main Usage:
Live Desktop, Privacy
Hide
Get it
here
Recommend
9
--
Linux Kodachi
My Rec
ommendation
for
Linux Kodachi
My Recommendation for
Linux Kodachi
All
2
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Con
•••
Telemetry
Everytime you connect Kodachi saves your Hardware ID and your IP-adress
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Specs
Based On:
Debian>Ubuntu
Default Desktop Environment:
Xfce
Main Usage:
Privacy, Security
Init-System:
Systemd
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Hide
Get it
here
Recommend
13
3
--
Tails
My Rec
ommendation
for
Tails
My Recommendation for
Tails
All
11
Pros
2
Cons
8
Specs
Top
Con
•••
MAC spoofing at login unrequired
MAC spoofing at login, unless it is in some way exceptional, should be unrequired, as the widely available macchanger for Linux can accomplish this on the fly.
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Top
Pro
•••
Spoof MAC address
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Specs
Based On:
Debian
Default Desktop Environment:
GNOME
Main Usage:
Live Desktop with privacy
Init-System:
Systemd
See All Specs
Top
Con
•••
TAILS encourages a destructable installed OS
The strength of live-booting USB isos is in their destructibility: if the OS or any part of it is compromised or damaged, it can be reinstalled and up again with a matter of minutes. For this purpose, an exportable persistent overlay is adequate for storing user customisations to the interface. Most distros, including security or anonymity distros, instead encourage long-winded installation from one device onto another, full persistence or encrypted persistence, and so on, or require all this or produce a working article (Fedora can currently only be installed with persistent overlay by command line installing it from an installation of Fedora, whatever the guides claim). The grail of a security distro should be an ideal configuration and built-in persistent user changes for minimal customisation (see Pentoo for an example) that works out-of-the-box and can therefore be reestablished rapidly and on the go - not a precious installation the outcome of weeks of work and saved data. The only other option is to collapse a custom state down to a new iso, of varying difficulty but easier in Debian than some.
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Top
Pro
•••
All internet traffic is routed through Tor
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Top
Con
•••
TOR bridge option at login should be unrequired
Tor bridges are setup at Tor launch by the Tor Browser - so why insist this be a login option? Until recently, the Tor Browser in TAILS was also hard to restart should it fail as it Torified the OS and connected to the network - though this should have been as simple a process as it is in Windows or Linux when using the TBB, since TOR regularly fails at startup.
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Top
Con
•••
Limits user control
Limits user control profoundly, by intention. It would be better to have a hardened base distro with comprehensive software security options that encourages user knowledge and interaction without over-technicality (Tor does not have to be difficult to configure; VPN/VPS does not have to be difficult to setup or overly commercially dependent, and even has some GNU VPS options for those in the activist camp, but is essential on now widely used airgapped connections; simple custom interfaces for toggling TOR, MAC spoofing, user agent switching, etc., are not impossible).
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Top
Con
•••
Limited hardening of Debian, which is widely available 'unhardened' and difficult to secure.
TAILS appears to opt for AppArmor in this regard. SELinux is more powerful but difficult to implement, grsecurity, which is still widely discussed, is now commercial and cannnot any longer be patched for the Debian kernel - and unfortunately, no one ever laid down a hardened Debian distro. AppArmor is hard to implement, in fact impossible for anyone without weeks to spend on each application that must be secured, and is not a kernel hardening procedure. The guide to hardening Debian is a vast and intimidating document (available at https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/securing-debian-howto/); for a look at actual hardened kernels, one has to observe hardened Gentoo, Fedora, or the likes of Alpine Linux (see its out-of-the-box secure kernel here: https://alpinelinux.org/about/. None of these quite match the software, user-base or GNU freedom of Debian - though TAILS specifically advises against installing additional software which would be impossible for the average user to secure with AppArmor.
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Top
Con
•••
Might be considered ugly and slow
For those who prefer a faster, lightweight desktop like XFCE the OS is unfortunately committed to Gnome.
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Top
Con
•••
Lacks flexibility
It is committed to Tor by default and does not recommend the use of VPN/VPS. Reconfiguring apps for a VPN or clearnet is troublesome. A Tor configuration, on the other hand, could be a toggle instead.
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Top
Con
•••
Restricts user options
Use of AppArmor restricts user options as it is near-impossible to audit and setup with new applications
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Recommend
4
--
Qubes OS
My Rec
ommendation
for
Qubes OS
My Recommendation for
Qubes OS
All
1
Specs
Specs
Based On:
Fedora
Default Desktop Environment:
Anything is possible
Hide
Get it
here
Recommend
3
--
IprediaOS
My Rec
ommendation
for
IprediaOS
My Recommendation for
IprediaOS
All
1
Pros
1
Top
Pro
•••
All traffic is routed through I2P darknet
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Hide
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here
Recommend
1
1
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