DevelopmentProductivityOS

What is the best operating system for a developer?

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GNU/Linux vs OpenBSD vs Slackware

 vs macOS vs FreeBSD vs Kali Linux vs NetBSD vs Haiku vs Windows 10 vs NixOS vs Plan 9 vs Debian GNU/Linux vs Arch Linux Testing vs TempleOS vs Windows 10 IoT Core vs MS-DOS vs Ubuntu vs Arch Linux vs Emacs vs Windows vs It Depends OS vs NeXTStep / OpenStep vs Emacs

Specs

OS Family

GNU/LInux

License

GNU GPL

Widget Toolkit

GTK, Qt, wxWidgets

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

BSD, ISC and other permissive licenses

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Research Unix>Berkeley Software Distribution>

Package Manager

OpenBSD package tools

Developer

Theo de Raadt

Written in

assembly, C, Perl and Unix shell

Initial release

July 1996

Source model

Open source

Latest release

October 14, 2021 (v7.0)

OS family

Unix-like

Default user interface

Modified pdksh, X11 (FVWM)

Kernel type

Monolithic

Working state

Current

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

GNU+Linux

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Softlanding Linux System

Package Manager

pkgtool

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

SysVinit

Release Schedule

Point or Rolling(Slackware - current)

Default Desktop Environment

KDE, Xfce, NONE

Main Usage

Server/Stable Desktop

Origin

USA

Release Type

Binary

Initial Release

1993

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

UNIX (BSD/Darwin)

License

EULA

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Research UNIX>BSD>NeXTSTEP

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

BSD

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

Free

Language

C

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Research Unix>Berkeley Software Distribution>

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

https://www.netbsd.org/ports/

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

BeOS-like

License

MIT

Widget Toolkit

Interface Kit

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

C++, C

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

Windows NT

License

Proprietary

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Windows 8.1

Package Manager

winget, MS Store, Windows Installer

Developer

Microsoft

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

Service Control Manager

Release Schedule

Rolling

Default Desktop Environment

Windows 10

Main Usage

Universal

Origin

USA

Release Type

Binary

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

amd64, arm64

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Independent

Package Manager

Nix

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

SystemD

Release Schedule

Fixed

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

Netherlands

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

Plan 9

License

MIT

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

GNU/Linux

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

NONE

Package Manager

dpkg with apt, aptitude or apt-build

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

Systemd

Release Schedule

approximately every 24 months

Default Desktop Environment

GNOME

Main Usage

Universal

Origin

-

Release Type

Binary

Initial Release

1993

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

amd64 (x86_64), arm64 (aarch64), armel, armhf, i386, mipsel, mips64el, ppc64el, s390x

Programming Language

-

Last Release

11.4 "bullseye"

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

GNU/Linux

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

Debian Stable(core) Testing/Unstable(universe/multiverse)

Package Manager

Debian Package Manager, Snap Store

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

Systemd

Release Schedule

Point (5 Year LTS / 6 Month Releases)

Default Desktop Environment

GNOME

Main Usage

Desktop

Origin

Great Britain

Release Type

Binary

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

amd64

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

German

Removable storage

Virtual Box

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

GNU+Linux

License

-

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

NONE

Package Manager

Pacman

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

Systemd

Release Schedule

Rolling

Default Desktop Environment

N/A

Main Usage

Desktop with latest software

Origin

Canada

Release Type

Binary

Initial Release

2002

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

x86-64 (AMD64)

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

5.16.0

Last Officially Updated

2020-05-16

Minimum Available Storage

800MiB

Minimum System RAM

512MiB

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

License

GPL-3.0-or-later

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

Unix-like, macOS, Windows, Cygwin

Multi Language Support

Yes

Auto Complete

Yes

Bracket Matching

Yes

Error Markup

Yes

Collaborative editing

Yes

Source Control Integration

Yes (package)

Extension language

Emacs Lisp, C(Emacs modules)

Supported remote file editing protocols

FTP; HTTP; SSH; WebDAV

Column selection

Yes

Plugin Manager

Package, built-in

Supported keybinding styles

IBM CUA; OSX; Vi; Emacs; Pico; WordStar; WordPerfect; Brief

RTL

Yes

Bidi

Yes

Interactive Console

Yes

Refactoring

Yes

Interactive Debugger

gdb (for C)

Go to Definition

Yes

OS Family

Windows NT

License

EULA

Widget Toolkit

-

Based On

-

Package Manager

-

Developer

-

Written in

-

Initial release

-

Source model

-

Latest release

-

OS family

-

Default user interface

-

Kernel type

-

Working state

-

Init-System

-

Release Schedule

-

Default Desktop Environment

-

Main Usage

-

Origin

-

Release Type

-

Initial Release

-

Price

-

Language

-

Official Supported Architectures

-

Programming Language

-

Last Release

-

Languages

-

Removable storage

-

Current Linux Kernel

-

Last Officially Updated

-

Minimum Available Storage

-

Minimum System RAM

-

Platforms

-

Multi Language Support

-

Auto Complete

-

Bracket Matching

-

Error Markup

-

Collaborative editing

-

Source Control Integration

-

Extension language

-

Supported remote file editing protocols

-

Column selection

-

Plugin Manager

-

Supported keybinding styles

-

RTL

-

Bidi

-

Interactive Console

-

Refactoring

-

Interactive Debugger

-

Go to Definition

-

OS Family

-

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Current Linux Kernel

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Last Officially Updated

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Platforms

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Multi Language Support

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Auto Complete

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Bracket Matching

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Error Markup

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Collaborative editing

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Source Control Integration

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Extension language

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Supported remote file editing protocols

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Column selection

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Plugin Manager

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Supported keybinding styles

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RTL

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Bidi

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Interactive Console

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Refactoring

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Interactive Debugger

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Go to Definition

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Auto Complete

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Bracket Matching

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Collaborative editing

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Source Control Integration

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Supported remote file editing protocols

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Plugin Manager

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Supported keybinding styles

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RTL

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Bidi

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Interactive Console

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Refactoring

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Go to Definition

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Bracket Matching

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Error Markup

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Collaborative editing

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Source Control Integration

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Extension language

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Supported remote file editing protocols

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Column selection

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Plugin Manager

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Supported keybinding styles

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RTL

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Bidi

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Interactive Console

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Refactoring

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Interactive Debugger

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Go to Definition

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Pros + Cons

Pro
 Lots of development tools available

Comment

Pro
 Most likely also your deployment target

Makes testing while developing easier. According to a September 2014 study by W3 Techs, *nix based servers are used on over 2/3 of websites.
Comment

Pro
 Access to really powerful terminals

Comment

Pro
 Large percentage of Linux users are developers

Comment

Pro
 Package managers

You can install any library or package that you need (gcc, php, node) with just a couple of commands in the terminal.
Comment

Pro
 Most software is open source

Comment

Pro
 Most Linux distributions are free

Comment

Pro
 Flexibility

GNU/Linux handles desktop sessions differently than Windows. Users may customize their own sessions; in fact, a single user may use different desktop environments for different login sessions.
Comment

Pro
 Familiarity with Linux is often required from a developer

Many university computer science programs are based on Linux and in any case, you will inevitably be dealing with a Linux box of one flavor or another someday, be it a server (most likely) or a workstation. The languages and methods used in the Linux/Unix environment (e.g., bash, C, C++, Make, etc.) are very commonplace among developers and are to the computer side of the discipline what the English language is to the human side of it: the common language.
Comment

Pro
 A wide variety of distributions available

With a lot of variety, one can use the distribution that fits the type of work best because of the many choices that are given, instead of just one.
Comment

Pro
 Follows the UNIX philosophy

The UNIX philosophy: 'Write programs that do one thing and do it well'. Since Linux itself follows this philosophy then it's very easy to start creating scripts and programs.
Comment

Pro
 UNIX-like

Nice, developer-friendly environment.
Comment

Pro
 Choose any type of desktop environment (or none)

Most Linux distributions support a range of desktop environments, be it plain old X, a tiling window manager or a fully fledged mammoth desktop like GNOME or KDE.
Comment

Pro
 No telemetry, unlike Windows

Comment

Pro
 Works great on older hardware

7-10-year-old Dell laptops can run Unix or Unix-like OSes very well, where Windows would grind/drag/vomit.
Comment

Pro
 Extremely fast

Can be made even faster by going GUI-free or using a lightweight window manager.
Comment

Con
 Issues with drivers if your hardware is not officially supported

With some proprietary hardware (eg:NVIDIA) you may have a hard time setting up your drivers. But most of the time, some distributions handle hardware better than other operating systems, especially when it comes to older hardware.
Comment

Pro
 Hardly ever crashes

And if it does you can often drop into console and fix the error before returning to desktop.
Comment

Pro
 Lower chance of data loss

Linux has very few viruses. So there's almost no chance of getting infected by a virus and thus losing your data including your important programming files.
Comment

Pro
 Sometimes it "just works"

Sometimes Linux tends to just work with little to no effort or troubleshooting required. Most of the times it doesn't, though.
Comment

Pro
 Get works done

Get near each and every work done within the command line or terminal, it makes everything so simple as compared to any other os
Comment

Pro
 Isn't "locked down"

Windows and MacOS tend to restrict what the user/developer can do with their PC while Linux empowers the user/developer so they can do whatever they need/want with their PC without unnecessary restrictions.
Comment

Con
 Maintenance can be time-consuming

You are gonna have to go through a lot of documentation to fix if something breaks. But that time is totally worth it if you are willing to pay it. Because it is likely that you'll find a fix 95% of the time.
Comment

Con
 Too much customization

To get features on par with OS X, you need to research packages, install them and configure them. Even then, it may not be as good as OS X.
Comment

Con
 Steep learning curve

Comment

Con
 HiDPI support sucks

Many developers work on apps that should work on HiDPI monitors. In most distros, HiDPI simply suck on Linux, and making that work is a nightmare.
Comment

Pro
 Easy to setup development environment

It's very easy to setup the development environment. In fact most of the time you don't even need to do much. For an example you don't even have to install GCC if you are coding in C/C++. Some distribution comes with JDK or JRE pre installed. Even if it doesn't, it's very easy to install a JDK than on Windows. There are plenty of free and open source / proprietary IDE's available.
Comment

Pro
 Easy and quick installation

Just grab a ISO file, a 20GB partition on your HDD and boom. You are ready to go.
Comment

Con
 Hard to get used to working in the terminal

It might be a challenge when trying to get used to using the terminal a lot to get around certain things
Comment

Con
 Less and worse professional software is developed, due to the low user base

Depending on what type of work you are doing, you may find Linux software lacking compared to their Win/Mac counterparts. For example in game development, tools, like Unreal Engine or Unity, usually lack in quality or novelty compared with Windows. Having crashes or bugs that aren't fixed for a while.
Comment

Con
 Low user base to develop to

Linux can develop to any system with the right tools. Mono allows development to Windows. Python and Ruby too. C and C++ can be developed to Windows.
Comment

Con
 A wide variety of distributions available

With a lot of variety, one cannot deploy to a single system and has to prepare for a bundle of distributions, instead of just one.
Comment

Con
 Poor designed, often unstable desktop interfaces

Comment

Pro
 Most secure operative system

There are only a few remote vulnerabilities, probably due to the reduced software that comes by default.
Comment

Pro
 Simple, minimal, just works

Comment

Con
 Driver support is limited

Using OpenBSD without making sure the hardware is right first is bound to be painful.
Comment

Pro
 I like it

its cool i would use it again
Comment

Pro
 Oldest surviving Linux distro

Besides Debian (which was first released in August 1993), it is the oldest still maintained Linux Distribution and was first released in July 1993.
Comment

Pro
 No systemd

Comment

Pro
 Super fast

Comment

Pro
 Stable

Uses stable, plain-vanilla packages from upstream.
Comment

Pro
 Doesn't get in your way

Slackware won't deny you from doing something, even for package management, you have to install and manage dependencies by yourself (or you can use a third-party tool like slpkg).
Comment

Con
 Takes a patient person

Comment

Pro
 Polished UI

The UI of Mac OS is rather unrivaled. The smooth, responsive, and cohesive UI makes the system quite joyous to use.
Comment

Pro
 Easy access to lots of great dev tools

There's a large selection of great development tools available for OSX. The operating system itself comes bundled with a powerful terminal emulator, called Terminal. Additionally, Apple provides tools, like Xcode, an IDE that contains a comprehensive collection of tools for developing OSX and iOS software, for free.
Comment

Pro
 Based on Unix

macOS being a UNIX certified system means that you can install a lot more stuff with a lot fewer headaches than if you were on Windows.
Comment

Pro
 Powerful terminal

It's very similar to a Linux terminal.
Comment

Pro
 Best support for Objective-C

Comment

Pro
 More commercial software and gaming support compared to other Unix systems

Adobe CC, MS Office, Steam games.
Comment

Pro
 Has many special tools for developers

Has support for multiple IDEs.
Comment

Pro
 Lots of open-source software available

Because it's Unix under the fancy GUI, most open source ports easily to it.
Comment

Pro
 Ideal setup, out of the box

Next to no custom configuration is necessary.
Comment

Pro
 Great Git GUI tools

Tower, Kaleidoscope, SourceTree.
Comment

Pro
 Has software that only runs on Mac

For example, Sketch.
Comment

Pro
 Streamlined workflow between devices

Because this is an Apple product, there is a streamlined workflow between your computer and all mobile devices. For example, if you type an a Pages document, once you save, you can open the updated document just moments later on your iPad, and vice versa. The same goes for iMessage, (yes, you can text people with your phone number from your computer. Actually, you can text other people with apple devices with just your Apple ID, with or without a phone number, for free!) Numbers, Notes, Reminders, Contacts, and just about any other Apple workflow application.
Comment

Con
 Expensive

OSX is tied Apple hardware and Apple hardware tends to be expensive for what it gives.
Comment

Con
 Limited hardware

Usually, the hardware that can run this can't be upgraded.
Comment

Con
 Most software is closed source

For people who like to use open source tools for their development work, this may be a problem. There's plenty of advantages to open source software, one of which is the ability to tinker with and customize the tools themselves that you are using. Although there's plenty of FOSS tools available for Mac, especially through Homebrew, the number of packages available is much lower than the number of packages available for any Linux distribution.
Comment

Con
 Closed source

Mac OS is closed source itself, which means that it is developed more slowly and has more problems.
Comment

Con
 No native package management

A comparison of package managers available for OSX can be found here.
Comment

Con
 Poor application support

Fewer apps run on Mac OS than on Windows or Linux.
Comment

Con
 Bash version is obsolete

macOS comes with an obsolete version of Bash, due to licensing issues.
Comment

Con
 Vendor-Lock-in

You are now forced to use the Apple services.
Comment

Pro
 Great modifier key layout

Comment

Con
 Silly modifier keys layout

The Command key is strange, Alt is where Super should be.
Comment

Pro
 Using VMware you can also run Windows 10 on the Mac

This is useful for testing and some development tools that are Windows-only (XML Spy, MapForce).
Comment

Con
 Poor X11 integration

The most open source software does work but is very poorly integrated due apples ancient version of the X-server.
Comment

Con
 Very few options for running hosted, on the cloud

Comment

Con
 Too little customization options

Comment

Con
 Touchbar on Macbook Pro's

Comment

Con
 Not very user-friendly

Comment

Pro
 You need it to compile macOS or iOS apps

Comment

Con
 Lacks software

there are plenty of apps (esp. freeware) that exist for windows but not for mac os.
Comment

Con
 Persistent Wi-Fi issues that haven't been addressed for more than a year

Many people have reported wi-fi connectivity and latency issues. While there are community workarounds for the problems, the issues have not been addressed by Apple in over a year.
Comment

Con
 Development tools are buggy as hell

Just look at the reference. I once had a friend telling me that 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 would crash the swift compiler; (1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8)+9 would not.
Comment

Con
 Pathetic third-party application support

Need to run Photoshop? No luck. Even most software that's portable to Linux will have a hard time running on FreeBSD. You're stuck with ONLY running the free software.
Comment

Con
 Inferior driver support for workstations

Lack of drivers for some modern personal devices.
Comment

Pro
 Powerful ports collection

Ports provide a wide collection of software which are easy to build, install and modify. They contain recipes and patches to build various software, so you can simply run "make && make install" to build and install the software. You may also keep local patches and it would be picked up automatically. It also allows you to use the latest software even if you are not using the latest version of the operating system.
Comment

Pro
 Batteries included

Base system contains basic developer tools, including compiler, debugger and system utilities.
Comment

Pro
 Jails mechanism

Jails allow for partitioning a system into several independent "mini-systems", a feature not found in many of the popular OS choices.
Comment

Con
 Not for beginners

If a user needs an easy way to navigate around the filesystem, a text only Unix-derivative is not his best choice.
Comment

Pro
 Stable updates

Comment

Con
 Very shallow desktop support

Comment

Pro
 Great philosophy

FreeBSD won't change everything from a version to another, it tries to keep and maintain old tools as long as possible, and won't replace half the system every two versions like GNU/Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Arch or Fedora does. everything is stable and also pretty minimal. FreeBSD is designed for performance.
Comment

Con
 Not intended to be a daily driver

This distro was written for pen testing and security work. It is not meant to be a day-to-day OS (unless that's your job).
Comment

Pro
 Adhere to the standard

It adheres to traditional Unix and new defined standards.
Comment

Con
 Lack of drivers

It lacks drivers for some new devices.
Comment

Pro
 It's Open Source

It's open source with a BSD License, which is much more business friendly than GPL. It's the real ancestor of Mac, that is being used nowadays.
Comment

Pro
 It's real

Under NetBSD csh is csh not tcsh; also vi is real vi not elvis, nvi or vim. It's ideal for purists.
Comment

Pro
 Architecture portability

It's the most portable OS in the world when considering what architectures it can run on. It runs on very wide range of hardware, from toaster to satellites. This of course does not mean it supports drivers for many consumer facing products making it a difficult solution to just boot up and use when compared to other OSs.
Comment

Pro
 Clean source code

It prioritizes source code cleanliness over anything.
Comment

Con
 No one uses it

It's a very niche OS that no one uses.
Comment

Pro
 Very fast

Comment

Con
 Unfinished

It's still in beta and quite unstable. Making it unsuitable for developing applications of any kind.
Comment

Con
 Language support is terrible

Comment

Con
 Small community

It is important when developing to be familiar with tools that other developers use. You can make any utility in any language you feel like, but if it's in an esoteric language that no one can read targeting a small platform that no one uses, then it was just something you did as a hobbyist, not as a developer. This is not to say that Haiku isn't a great operating system to hack around on. Just don't delude yourself into thinking you're doing it to get familiar with tools that you need to know to be a better developer.
Comment

Pro
 Beta has been released

After about 6 years since the alpha version, beta has been released on Fri, 2018-09-28. Check here for release notes.
Comment

Pro
 Only need 512mb ram

Comment

Pro
 Stability

Comment

Pro
 Runs perfectly on old Hardware

Comment

Con
 UI quite different to other OSes

Comment

Con
 Even the only PRO is barely a PRO. Its more of a hope disguised as a PRO.

Comment

Con
 Collects a lot of user data and sends it to Microsoft by default

By default Windows 10 gathers information related to contacts, location, calendar and input (text and touch). The process for opting out of all data collection efforts is both time consuming and requires a reasonable amount of technical know-how.
Comment

Con
 Lacks polish

Many interface and functionality changes have not been finalized yet, creating an inconsistent user experience. For example, there are both simplified Windows 10 style settings menus as well as Windows 7 style settings menus that can easily create confusion. Similarly, many of the bundled applications (People, Photos, Groove, Mail, Calendar, etc) lack functionality compared to their counterparts in previous Windows versions.
Comment

Con
 Installs bloatware

It installs many Windows Store apps by default. Moreover, it updates them automatically even after you uninstalled them, then they come back when you install a bigger update or service pack, eg: the creator's update.
Comment

Con
 Includes ads by default

Even in the Pro version.
Comment

Con
 Forced updates to Home and Pro versions

Since Microsoft has a checkered past in regard to Windows updates, many people worry that a bad patch might break applications, drivers, peripherals or even brick their computers.
Comment

Con
 Start menu lacks expected customization options

It's not possible to cascade menus, pin files, locations or apps to the list (it's possible to pin apps to the live tile section) or add custom menus.
Comment

Con
 Virus magnet

Comment

Con
 Horrible stock performance on old hardware

Would recommend windows 7 (or even 8.1) on older (older than 5-6 years) hardware.
Comment

Con
 Guest account setup is painstaking (need to do via PC management panel)

Windows 10 lacks the ability to set up guest accounts via user account setup wizard.
Comment

Con
 Anitvirus software runs above administrator level

You are not allowed to turn off CPU intensive security scans or remove the software and replace it with something else, as of Windows 10.
Comment

Con
 Kind of a mystery what the OS is actually doing

There have been Microsoft operating system code leaks. But for the most part there could be millions of security back doors and no one but hackers and Microsoft would know about them.
Comment

Con
 No built-in way to play DVDs

Third-party software is required to play DVDs.
Comment

Con
 Security features are stapled-on third party software

Comment

Pro
 Windows Subsystem Linux

Makes it very seamless for web development. In fact, it's nicer than MacOS because you get to choose the distro all without virtualization. Super convenient even if there are some minor issues like I/O performance.
Comment

Con
 Proprietary

You're not allowed to modify or share a copy of Windows, you also can't read the source code to know what it's doing.
Comment

Pro
 Good compatibility with Windows 7 software

Both applications and drivers created for Windows 7 work well on Windows 10.
Comment

Con
 Hard to use

Windows had tons of buttons doing the same things, and tons of buttons named the same way that does different things. And you can't change that !
Comment

Pro
 DirectX 12

The newest version of Microsoft’s DirectX application programming interface, which handles visual and other multimedia tasks on Windows-based systems.
Comment

Pro
 Returns to a more familiar style start bar unlike Windows 8

Comment

Pro
 Built-in support for VPNs

A VPN connection can be established from the "Change Virtual Private Network" panel. Quickest way to access the panel is by searching for "VPN" in the start menu.
Comment

Pro
 Latest version of Windows

Comment

Con
 No guest accounts

Windows 10 lacks the ability to set up Guest accounts.
Comment

Pro
 Easy to use

Comment

Pro
 Availability of tools and software

Comment

Pro
 Built-in way to play DVDs

No third-party software is required to play DVDs.
Comment

Pro
 Good user experience: superb driver support

Comment

Pro
 Very user friendly UI

Comment

Pro
 Secure for Layman use

Comment

Pro
 More browsers

More browsers, a bit more security.
Comment

Con
 Horrendous programming experience

Comment

Pro
 Tablet mode is a pain to use

The tablet mode of Windows 10 has many issues compared to other major tablet operating systems like Android, for example: 1.) In the tablet mode the desktop is replaced by the Windows 10 start menu 1.1.) As there is no Desktop there is no proper launcher to start your apps so you always have to open that windows 10 start menu... 2.) Virtual keyboard often don't come up automatically(you need to click on the keybord icon near the systray to bring it up) 2.1.) If the keyboard is docked and comes up it will lay over the window and if(like here on slant) the entry box is on the bottom of the page it will lay over that box so you have to manually undock the keyboard and move it to any other border which of course breaks other options like scrolling a page etc. 2.2.) Virtual keyboard and virtual touchpad have no customization options so you can't make them bigger or smaller etc.
Comment

Con
 Many apps, that aren`t needed

Comment

Pro
 Best operating system

Windows is the best
Comment

Pro
 Best operating system

Windows is the best.
Comment

Con
 It's Windows

Windows Server is simply a scaled down, tarted up version of Windows, and suffers from all of the weaknesses thereof. You'll spend more time patching security holes than developing.
Comment

Pro
 Latest version of Windows

Comment

Pro
 Latest version of Windows.

Comment

Pro
 Latest version of Windows

Comment

Con
 Collects a lot of user data and sends it Microsoft by default

By default Windows 10 gathers information related to contacts, location, calendar and input (text and touch). The process for opting out of all data collection efforts is both time consuming and requires a reasonable amount of technical know-how.
Comment

Pro
 Better than all the other Windows versions

Iv'e tried Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, Xp and I'll choose Windows 10 every time. It's better than all the previous versions (yes even Windows 7, which is overrated in my opinion).
Comment

Pro
 Stable

Comment

Pro
 Most settings just work

Isolation and well-made defaults means for most systems changes there's a simple flag to switch and it will work with everything you've got.
Comment

Pro
 Roll back updates

Comment

Pro
 No package conflicts

Comment

Pro
 Reuse configuration

Comment

Pro
 No package dependecy hell

Comment

Con
 Difficulty running software that's not packaged

You can generally never run "Linux" binaries without patching them or starting up an FHS sandbox. Some build scripts just won't work.
Comment

Con
 Beginners Linux users may not want to learn Nix Expression Language to customize more advanced installs

Comment

Con
 Difficult to use software made for other systems

Plan 9 is very different from most other operating systems, and as such it's extremely difficult to bring in software designed for other operating systems ('porting').
Comment

Con
 No fully featured web browser

As indicated on the official Bell Labs webpage, there is no full featured web browser currently working on Plan 9, except abaco.
Comment

Pro
 Well designed

Plan 9's design is very orthogonal and well done.
Comment

Con
 Not supported by most tools

Not supported by most dev tools beyond text editors.
Comment

Pro
 Designed to allow for multiple computers to work as if they were one

With Plan 9, computers are turned into terminals where you can access files and processing units which can be located elsewhere. Data storage is handled by another external server. This means that instead of each person having their own individual computer with all the required parts, all of the computing and storage is done in a central area and everything is networked in together.
Comment

Pro
 It has a pretty minimalist GUI, pretty much extensible, light weight

Good kernel terminal and secure.
Comment

Con
 It has a little hardware incompatibility here and there

Comment

Con
 Lead maintainer is dead

Terry Davis was hit by a train and it's unclear who will be taking over the project in his absence.
Comment

Pro
 It's templeOS

Comment

Pro
 Allows you to talk to God

TempleOS comes with an oracle that lets you communicate directly with the Lord.
Comment

Pro
 Created by the smartest programmer that's ever lived

Terry Davis wrote the entire operating system, and the compiler for the language that the OS is written in, by himself.
Comment

Pro
 Easy to make Internet of Things devices

Windows 10 IoT is made specifically for making IoT devices.
Comment

Con
 Can't edit scripts directly on the device

Windows 10 IoT has no script editor. All your scripts have to be made on Visual Studio on a separate Windows 10 PC
Comment

Con
 Not a modern OS

If you need to know how to run legacy software that will run on DOS (crazier things have happened, there's probably still some ancient, leviathan, software out there that requires it), go for it. Otherwise you're practicing skills that are out of date and are using an operating system that is woefully insecure.
Comment

Con
 Literally horrible

MS-DOS is terrible -- just read about real mode. It was an almost decent solution for its time, but not anymore.
Comment

Con
 Way too simple

A stripped down version of Unix, some commands just got renamed and advanced options removed.
Comment

Pro
 Use old editor Edit

The grandfather of Notepad, very easy to use, hassle-free text editor.
Comment

Con
 Dead

Ended in the 21st century.
Comment

Con
 No internet support

Using Internet with MS-DOS is not trivial.
Comment

Pro
 Brings back memories to older developers

Comment

Pro
 Best OS to run QBASIC on

While QBASIC works on newer operating systems, such as Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was designed for and runs best on MS-DOS.
Comment

Pro
 Great Long Term Support release schedule (2 years)

This allows for users to always have a new supported release available without long unkown wait times in between.
Comment

Pro
 Lots of support

As the most popular Linux distribution, there's a wide range of sources for support online if you ever need help, including the Ubuntu Wiki, Ubuntu Forums and the Ask Ubuntu Stack Exchange site.
Comment

Con
 Relatively high system requirements

The default GNOME desktop environment is a resource hog which requires hardware accelerated graphics rendering in order to run smoothly, making out of the box Ubuntu unsuitable for low end systems and older hardware. Even mildly aged hardware, you'll get far better performance out of a lighter desktop environment like LXDE or XFCE.
Comment

Pro
 Cares about stable drivers

Comment

Pro
 Has a clean Gnome interface

Gnome has lot of extensions available and can be custmoized rather easily.
Comment

Pro
 Runs at low resources

Run far faster than Windows on Dell laptop
Comment

Con
 Problematic to integrate in Windows server environment (Active Directory)

Comment

Pro
 Simplicity

Ubuntu is designed to be used by everyday people. Because of that, Ubuntu has tried hard to make a user interface that's intuitive and looks pleasant and clean.
Comment

Pro
 Use it on almost any device

Not just for laptops - Ubuntu was designed with tablets and touchscreen devices in mind, and with phone support on the way. Ubuntu also has Long Term Support releases, as well as a version oriented toward servers, so you can use the same OS at work or on mobile as you do on your desktop.
Comment

Pro
 Good UI for small monitors

Becaue the menu usually is in the title bar and the launcher auto-hides, the whole screen can be used by an application.
Comment

Con
 Software can be outdated, if not severely outdated

If you try to download "unpopular" software, so you may find you're downloading a version that's several years old.
Comment

Pro
 Wide range of software out of the box

The default apps available in Ubuntu cover the gamut of most anyone's needs. From music, video or office applications Ubuntu has an app that will cover the users needs.
Comment

Pro
 Just works out of the box

Lots of support for hardware, lots of pre-installed software, and a smooth install process means less time downloading drivers, less time digging through configuration files, and less time deciding on software to use just to get up and running. It also means less time digging through forums looking for support.
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Con
 Random system errors may pop up

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Con
 Doesn't shutdown/standby properly on Lenovo laptops (b, e & g series) and desktops (Thinkcentre)

Ubuntu has some serious issue with some Lenovo laptops and desktops. Sometimes, it doesn't shutdown correctly.
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Pro
 Runs 95% out of the box

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Pro
 As slim or copious as you want it

Arch keeps its core repositories slim and free of unnecessary dependencies. At first installation only a bare system is set up. You can easily get the other applications through the package manager. The repositories are nearly as full as those of Ubuntu, while they are often more up to date. That way you don't have to waste time with software you don't need or want.
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Pro
 Helpful 3rd Party Installers

There are extreamly helpful 3rd party installers such as Anarchy Linux (Formerly Arch Anywhere)
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Pro
 Excellent package management with the AUR

The AUR is a repository with a very extensive catalogue of build/install scripts that are contributed by users. While these scripts are inherently less secure than conventional packages maintained by a distro's authors, it's still way easier to verify the security of install scripts than it would be to write them yourself. It's very usefull.
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Pro
 Fast and simple package management

pacman has performance advantages over apt-get and yum in both database operations (thanks to being written for speed) and download times (by virtue of using better mirrors than other distributions tend to select by default). There are also fewer default repositories to download from, and all package management is combined into one tool instead of being split into dpkg, apt-get, and apt-cache like on Debian distros.
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Pro
 No restrictive handholding, pure control over everything

Arch is mainly aimed at experienced Linux users, there is no hand-holding and not much in a way of UI elements when trying to install or tweak settings.
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Pro
 A package for almost everything

If you need to install something, chances are someone in the Arch community has already made a package for it. This makes it incredibly easy for you to install and maintain all of the non-media content on your computer.
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Pro
 Cutting edge rolling release

Arch Linux follows a rolling release model which allows users to stay on the most up-to-date versions of the software they are using.
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Pro
 Excellent documentation

Arch's goal of simplicity means there's usually one preferred way to get things done - through organized and well documented configuration files. This focus, combined with the community's recognition that configuration files can be intimidating, has resulted in excellent documentation that's accessible to newcomers, and very instructive about how Linux actually works. The documentation is often so thorough that, when searching for solutions to problems while using other distributions, such as with video card drivers, oftentimes you'll find the most effective solution in the Arch Linux wiki or on the forums.
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Pro
 Arch Linux Wiki

The Arch Linux Wiki is very useful not just for Arch Linux users, but for anyone who uses Linux.
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Pro
 Best driver support of any OS

No other OS comes close to supporting as much hardware as Windows 10 does. Because it's the most popular OS, the bulk of hardware manufacturers support Windows first, and all other operating systems second.
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Pro
 Widely used

Windows is the most-used desktop OS in the world.
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Pro
 Windows comes first

Windows is the most used platform in the world. If you build something and need a third-party software it will most likely run on Windows. Not because it's good, but because everyone uses it.
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Pro
 Free access to great development IDE in Visual Studio Community

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Pro
 Ubuntu bash shell

Windows has a binary compatible Ubuntu shell to run non-Windows apps natively. https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-au/commandline/wsl/about
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Con
 Uses more resources than most alternatives

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Con
 Most software is closed source, including the operating system itself

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Con
 Weak default terminal

The standard terminal lacks basic features that Linux and OSX has. Alternatives to the default terminal for Window can be found here.
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Pro
 Stable

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Con
 Lacks package management

It is not easy to install/keep current development packages that developers need and use.
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Con
 Limited in its flexibility

Window managers, startup systems, and system components cannot be changed.
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Pro
 The most solid choice for .NET development

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Pro
 Free with most new computers

At least the non-Apple variety at any rate.
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Con
 There are some privacy issues

By definition, it's spyware. Pre-compromised OS.
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Con
 Scanning for viruses makes builds slow

Compiling a project means reading and writing a lot of files. Even fast anti-virus software slows down the build time (which is almost always too long).
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Pro
 Touch screen support

You still can't get touch support on a Mac. Windows has had touch for 5+ years now.
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Con
 Update policy / scheduling is a nightmare

Pop-up to update your system that will restart it if you don't interact quick enough and will have to be in reboot mode, which can freeze your activity until the update is done.
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Con
 Unstable and slow

Windows crashes often and is much slower than alternatives, especially at file IO, which is important for developers.
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Con
 Maintenance is time-consuming

Previous versions needed to be formatted ever 6 months to maintain performance.
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Pro
 Best support for Visual Basic

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Con
 Embarrassing to give talks

On conferences or in user groups the audience laugh at speakers presenting their talk on a Windows machine.
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Con
 Antivirus software slows down developer tools

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Con
 Binary incompatibility between MSVC versions

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Con
 .Net doesn't have backwards compatibility

Users will have to install multiple versions of .Net in their machine for different applications.
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Con
 Biggest Spyware Ever!

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Pro
 Your development OS will be the same as your deployment OS

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Con
 You will need multiple development platforms for different projects

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Con
 Discontinued

After the sale to Apple (which used NeXTStep as a base for it's operating systems, including macOS, iOS, watchOS and tvOS), NeXTStep was discontinued. OpenStep doesn't seem to have had any significant use since 1996 when it was used as a base for SPARC (scalable processor architecture).
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Con
 Closed source

The source is closed, and it's a dead product, so there is no chance of updating it.
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Pro
 Immense amount of history

NeXTStep has been part of many historic events. WorldWideWeb (later renamed to Nexus) - the first ever web browser was created using a NeXT computer. It also has a history shared by gaming - revolutionary games such as Woldenstein 3D and Doom were also created on NeXT machines.
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