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What are the best Vim plugins that check for syntax errors?

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ale vs Syntastic vs neomake

 vs YouCompleteMe (c++)

Pros + Cons

Pro
 Runs asynchronously

Warns of syntax errors as-you-type - you don't have to wait until you save your code or manually invoke syntax-checking (can be disabled).
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Pro
 Lints as you type

Doesn't wait for you to save before linting, it lints the buffer, not the file.
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Con
 Mixes responsibilities (LSP support)

While main purpose of ALE is to run linters and fixers it also supports some (not all) of the LSP calls. The developer likes this functionality but it's a somewhat popular opinion ALE could relay on a different project for this and therefore delegate some of the maintenance burden.
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Pro
 Add fixers (prettier, standard...)

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Pro
 Works with Language Server Protocol

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Pro
 Works with minimal configuration "out-of-the-box"

ALE can be used almost immediately after installation. Some linters that need fiddling before they're usable with Neomake or Syntastic will "just work" on ALE.
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Pro
 Being actively developed

Ale has a large, active community that keeps integration with language backends up to date
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Con
 Limited number of linters

ALE is still relatively young, and has fewer filetypes and linters supported out-of-the box than Syntastic.
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Con
 Asynchronous checking could be a nice to have

Really, running checks when saving a buffer is more than enough though.
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Pro
 Supports a huge number of syntax checkers and linters 

Nearly every code quality tool you can think of is supported, including jslint, jshint, pylint, pyflakes, cpplint, csslint, and checkstyle.
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Pro
 Highly configurable

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Pro
 Very actively maintained

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Pro
 Lean and meaan, not bloated with irrelevant features as ALE (e.g. autocompletion)

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Pro
 Asynchronous (in neovim and vim8)

When used with neovim or vim 8+, builds/tests/linters run in the background and report the results when they come in.
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Con
 Too many dependencies

Compared to others, it has too many dependencies.
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Con
 Only C family languages

YouCompleteMe works best for C-based languages (C, C++, Objective-C, Objective-C++) and it's semantic engine is Clang-based which means that it only works for the C-family languages.
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Pro
 Good fuzzy completion

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Pro
 Multiple ways to complete. Multi language support.

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Pro
 Clang code completion

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