When comparing CheckiO vs exercism.org, the Slant community recommends exercism.org for most people. In the question“What are the best resources to learn Python?” exercism.org is ranked 4th while CheckiO is ranked 18th. The most important reason people chose exercism.org is:
Rather than merely test for code correctness, Exercism uses peer review to improve general programming techniques. Users are encouraged to comment on others' solutions, and refine their own based on feedback.
Specs
Ranked in these QuestionsQuestion Ranking
Pros

Pro Community backed solution reviews
Users can publish their solutions for different problems and other users can review the code and give their opinions on how they would have solved the problem.
Sometimes, some of the most active users get their code reviewed by Guido Van Rossum (the creator of the Python language) himself.
Pro Available in multiple languages
CheckiO crowdsources translations for problems. Currently problems have been translated in 10 languages. So it's highly possible that eventually more languages will be supported.

Pro Ability to create new challenges
New missions can be created and uploaded using GitHub. After that is done, it's suggested to CheckiO and if it fills all the requirements after being reviewed by a CheckiO team member, it's pulled into the game.

Pro Challenges from GitHub, O'Reilly, Dropbox and Hubspot.

Pro Human review and feedback
Rather than merely test for code correctness, Exercism uses peer review to improve general programming techniques. Users are encouraged to comment on others' solutions, and refine their own based on feedback.

Pro Practice with production tools
Unlike many code practice websites, Exercism requires the user to develop and test entirely offline, submitting only the finished code. This promotes familiarity with essential tools and workflow, not just the bare language.
Cons
Con Not for absolute beginners
CheckiO does not teach syntax, instead it teaches how to solve problems using a particular programming language therefore some basic programming knowledge is required to start.

Con Custom commandline client
Exercism requires using a CLI utility to fetch and submit exercises. This is inconvenient compared to web-only alternatives, and poses an additional barrier to entry for some users.
