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4.7 star rating
0
What is the best alternative to Tkinter?
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Tk
All
7
Experiences
Pros
4
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Easy styling
Once you understand how to style, the styling can look great.
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Top
Con
Base looks are garbage without a good amount of styling
Going with the base look for your app is a bad idea because it looks like garbage with the defaults.
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Pro
Great for beginners
Easy to pick up and run with it.
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Con
C# support lacking
Although the Eagle Project exists, which offers Mono and .NET Core support, C# support is not standard.
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Pro
Easy and good looking in Mac, Linux and Windows
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Pro
Bindings for several languages
Bindings for Python, C, C++, Ruby, Perl, Go, Java, Haskell and more, see Languages with a Tk binding.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Unix, Mac
License:
BSD
Current stable version:
8.6
Popular Language Bindings:
Tcl Python
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Experiences
Free
25
1
Fyne
All
4
Experiences
Pros
3
Cons
1
Top
Pro
Mobile support
Android and iOS are supported.
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Top
Con
Go specific
Fyne is only usable in Go applications.
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Top
Pro
Easy to learn
Simple and consistent API.
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Top
Pro
Permissively licensed
Fyne is licensed under the 3-clause BSD license, which has fairly lax restrictions on usage.
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FREE
4
0
Lara
All
4
Experiences
Pros
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Cross-Platform
Can develop in Windows, Linux and MacOS.
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Pro
Server-side rendering engine
Lara has a server-side rendering engine with virtual DOM.
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Pro
Open Source
Apache 2.0 license.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
License:
Open Source Apache 2.0
Size:
72KB
Dev platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
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0
3
0
Quasar Framework
All
9
Experiences
Pros
7
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
Uses Vue.js 2.0
Vue 3.x available as a plugin.
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Top
Con
Developed by a single person
Statistically, apps being developed by a single person can be gone without warning.
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Top
Pro
Good documentation and coding samples
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Pro
Massive suite of well test & optimized widgets
Instant rebuild for SPA, PWA, Cordova or Electron with Material/iOS Themes.
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Pro
Designed from the outset for desktop & mobile
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Top
Pro
Can build/test your PWA with/without PWA wrapper
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Pro
Supports server side rendering (SSR) like Nuxt + SSR/PWA
"Icon genie" builds app icons and splash images for platforms selected.
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Top
Pro
Ability to add custom server side code when using SSR
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac, Web
License:
MIT
Mobile targets:
Android, Blueberry, iOS, Windows Phone, Web
Supported languages:
Javascript, Typescript
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Experiences
Get it
here
175
13
Prima
All
13
Experiences
Pros
10
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Thorough documentation
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Top
Con
Old-looking by default
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Top
Pro
Open source
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Top
Con
No mobile support
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Top
Pro
Stable
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Top
Pro
Easy to use
Great for beginners and gurus alike.
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Top
Pro
Relatively compact codebase
167K SLOC in 2022.
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Top
Pro
Consistent look and behavior across platforms
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Top
Pro
Visual builder included
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Pro
Free/gratis
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Pro
BSD license
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Pro
Mature
Since 2001 on CPAN website.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, macOS, Linux, *BSD, Solaris and others
License:
2-Clause BSD License
Implemented in:
C, Perl
Target language:
Perl
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Experiences
FREE
2
0
MD Python Designer
All
3
Experiences
Pros
2
Cons
1
Top
Pro
Amazing array of uses
The GUI Designer is compatible with all the features of the software. It is compatible with all major databases. They have an interesting GUI database form on their webpage. The GUI can also include graphs and you can create applications like desmos. You can also use ICP DAS, LabJack and Advantech devices.
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Top
Con
Visual appearance compared to other GUI frameworks/Designers
The end product did not look as appealing as it would have done with a different GUI Designer. However, it still looked professional and got the job done perfectly.
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Pro
No adjustment required
The GUI designer has more than one coding language that it's compatible with, however it works well with Python. The transition from Kivy is easy.The GUI Designer is super easy to use and saves lots of time.
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Free/Paid
2
0
PyQt
All
10
Experiences
Pros
7
Cons
3
Top
Pro
API is easy to grasp for someone with a Qt/C++ background
PyQt has a straightforward API with its classes corresponding to Qt C++’s, and as such, the API documentation for C++ works for Python — the namespaces, properties, methods are all the same. If you have experience working with Qt and/or C++, you will find PyQt easy to work with.
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Top
Con
Steep learning curve
It can take a while to get productive with PyQt. It is a huge framework and there are many ways to implement different things, some of them are conflicting and might be confusing to the unfamiliar.
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Pro
Stability
PyQt is used in many large-scale applications and has stood the test of time.
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Con
Paid license required if your application is not "free as in speech"
PyQt is dual-licensed with GPL v3 and the Riverbank Commercial License. If you do not intend on releasing your application under a GPL-compatible license (i.e. make your application open-source), you must pay for a commercial license.
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Pro
Signal/slot mechanism allows for code flexibility
GUI programming with Qt is built around the concept of signals and slots for communication between objects. A signal is emitted when an event occurs (e.g. a button is clicked), and slots are callable functions that handle the event (e.g. show a pop-up, when a button is clicked). This allows for flexibility when handling GUI events and results in a cleaner codebase.
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Top
Con
No Python-specific documentation on classes in PyQt5
PyQt5's documentation links to its Qt counterpart, which is in C++. This can be confusing for someone without a background in C++ or experience with Qt.
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Pro
Many native widgets (UI components) available
Qt provides many widgets (buttons, textboxes, menus, et al.) out of the box, and they have a native look to them across all supported platforms: the same widget looks similar to the platform's native widget (e.g. a button in a PyQt application looks the same as a button on macOS, or Windows). On Linux systems, it changes according to the desktop environment.
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Pro
WYSIWYG interface builder available
PyQt has support for loading UIs built with Qt Designer, a drag-and-drop WYSIWYG interface builder, which allows you to design and build interfaces without writing any code.
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Pro
Many learning resources available
PyQt is one of the most popular UI frameworks for Python. It has an active community with many third-party code examples and tutorials available.
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Pro
More than just a GUI framework
Qt wraps several native platform APIs for networking, databases, etc. and provides standardized access to them through a single API — one codebase can cater to many platforms and perform the same across them.
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Experiences
Free / Paid
67
9
PySimpleGUI
All
19
Experiences
Pros
12
Cons
6
Specs
Top
Pro
Extremely easy to learn, compared to other GUI
Python GUI For Humans - Transforms tkinter, Qt, Remi, WxPython into portable people-friendly Pythonic interfaces. Requires 1/2 to 1/10th the amount of code as underlying frameworks. One afternoon is all that is required to learn the PySimpleGUI package and write your first custom GUI. Students can begin using within their first week of Python education. No callback functions. You do not need to write the word "class" anywhere in your code. "I've been working to learn PyQT for the past week in my off time as an intro to GUI design and how to apply it to my existing scripts... Took me ~30 minutes to figure out PySimpleGUI and get my scripts working with a GUI." "Python GUI has been an absolute nightmare for me and I've avoided it like the plague. Until I saw PysimpleGUI." "I've been pretty amazed at how much more intuitive it is than raw tk/qt. The dude developing it is super active on the project too so if you come across situations that you just can't get the code to do what you want you can make bug/enhancement issues that are almost assured to get a meaningful response." "This library is the easiest way of GUI programming in Python! I'm totally in love with it" "Wow that readme is extensive and great." (hear the love for docs often) "Coming from R, Python is absolutely slick for GUIs. PySimpleGUI is a dream." "I have been writing Python programs for about 4 or 5 months now. Up until this week I never had luck with any UI libraries like Tkinter, Qt, Kivy. I went from not even being able to load a window in Tkinter reliably to making a loading screen, and full program in one night with PySimpleGUI." "I love PySimpleGUI! I've been teaching it in my Python classes instead of Tkinter."
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Top
Con
Bad dev attitude
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Top
Pro
Single file
Either pip install or copy single source file to your project.
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Top
Con
Non pythonic
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Pro
Run PySimpleGUI code on multiple GUI Frameworks by changing 1 line of code
The same PySimpleGUI code written by the user can be executed on multiple GUI platforms without changing the source code. Only the import statement needs to be changed. Write the GUI once, run on multiple platforms including a web browser Create windows that look and operate identically to those created directly with tkinter, Qt, WxPython, and Remi.
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Top
Con
Bad documentation
The documentation has no structure, is very messy and is based on a case-by-case usage instead of explaining how the lib works.
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Top
Pro
No package dependencies other than tkinter
Wraps tkinter and does not require any other packages be installed.
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Con
No forms designer
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Top
Pro
Easy and comprehensive documentation, tutorials, example code and videos
300+ Demo Programs teach you how to integrate with many popular packages like OpenCV, Matplotlib, PyGame, etc. Tons of documentation, a Cookbook, built-in help using docstrings - in short, it's heavily documented.
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Top
Con
Less online tutorials compared to tkinter
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Pro
Open source
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Con
No good for commercial
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Pro
Highly customizable
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Pro
Multi-platform support
Python code with GUI will run on Windows, Linux, Raspberry Pi and Android (PyDroid3) with very minor changes. one to 4 lines of boilerplate type code.
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Top
Pro
Supports both Python 2.7 and Python 3
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Pro
Uses Python language constructs cleverly
PySimpleGUI leverages the Python language constructs in clever ways that shorten the amount of code and return the GUI data in a straightforward manner. When a widget is created in a form layout, it is configured in place, not several lines of code away. With most GUIs, arranging GUI widgets often requires several lines of code… at least one or two lines per widget. PySimpleGUI uses an "auto-packer" that automatically creates the layout. No pack or grid system is needed to lay out a GUI window. What makes PySimpleGUI superior for newcomers is that the package contains the majority of the code that the user is normally expected to write. Button callbacks are handled by PySimpleGUI, not the user's code. Beginners struggle to grasp the concept of a function, and expecting them to understand a call-back function in the first few weeks is a stretch.
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Top
Pro
Updated frequently
New releases, new Demo Programs, documentation, online resources as constantly being added.
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Top
Pro
Udemy Course
Has a 61 lecture course on Udemy now that's got more than the free older courses on YouTube.
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Specs
Python 2.7 & 3 Support:
2.7 & 3.x
Supports GUI Frameworks:
tkinter, Qt, WxPython, Remi (GUI in Browser)
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Experiences
Free
47
9
Flutter
All
11
Experiences
Pros
5
Cons
5
Specs
Top
Pro
Open source
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Top
Con
Still in development
According to the website, Flutter is still in its early stages of development.
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Top
Pro
Great developer tools debug/hotreload/analyser
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Top
Con
Based on Dart language
Dart is a Java like language, easy to learn and startup fast for millions of Java developers. BUT if you have to learn it ... it's a con.
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Top
Pro
Based on Dart language
Dart is a Java like language, easy to learn and startup fast for millions of Java developers.
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Top
Con
Dart is unpopular and never gained serious community traction like Kotlin or Java
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Top
Pro
A single codebase for iOS AND Android
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Top
Con
Does not support 32-bit iOS devices
If you plan on targeting iPhone 5, 5C or earlier, you can forget about Flutter.
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Pro
Fast
The developer's goal is to allow people to make apps running at 120 FPS.
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Top
Con
Google has a bad history with product loyalty
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Specs
Dev platforms:
Windows, Mac and Linux
Desktop targets:
announced Windows
Mobile targets:
Android and iOS
Popular Language Bindings:
Dart
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Experiences
Get it
here
211
32
wxWidgets
All
13
Experiences
Pros
8
Cons
4
Specs
Top
Pro
Mature
wxWidgets was started in 1992 by Julian Smart.
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Top
Con
Android port not totally usable yet
See WxAndroid.
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Top
Pro
Truly native look and feel
It uses the platform's native API rather than emulating the GUI.
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Top
Con
Uses GTK on X11
WxWidgets uses GTK+ on X11 desktop which well known for looking like an alien on non GTK+ desktops.
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Pro
Open source
wxWidgets can be used for free or commercial projects, at no cost.
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Top
Con
Has slightly heavy compiled result
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Top
Pro
Can do custom control rendering
You can make a custom renderer using the class wxDelegateRendererNative to draw directly any standard control or using the class BackgroundWindow to use any bitmap as a control background.
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Top
Con
Written in C++
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Top
Pro
Forms designers
Several forms designers, like wxFormBuilder, are available.
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Top
Pro
Designer
A very nice designer: wxCrafter. Free for non-commercial use/evaluation phase (without time expiration). Highly recommended if you plan to use wxWidgets.
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Top
Pro
Perfect combination: wxFormBuilder + ZeroBrane (wxLua)
Lua Language can provide extra high level scripting
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Top
Pro
Can use Qt on X11
WxQt is available on X11.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac, BSD, Solaris, AIX, OS2
Popular Language Bindings:
wxPython, wxLua, wxRuby, more...
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Experiences
Free
416
61
pyglet
All
5
Experiences
Pros
3
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
3D support
Since pyglet is so tightly woven with OpenGL it allows the support of drawing in 3D.
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Top
Con
Small community/popularity
There is a decent amount of documentation and API to go along with pyglet, but in terms of community support there seems to be very little.
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Top
Pro
Cross-platform
Works with Windows, Linux, and OS X.
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Top
Pro
Written in pure Python
A small advantage, but being a core Python developer, it may be the best to stick to the roots and develop with pyglet as it is able to compile using other Python interpreters.
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Specs
License:
BSD
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here
82
17
Dear PyGui
All
11
Experiences
Pros
9
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
Easy to use
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Top
Con
Community is still very small
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Top
Pro
Multi-purpose
Even while it's in beta, there's a ton of stuff that can be done with this framework.
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Top
Pro
Helpful and responsive community
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Top
Pro
Great performance
It's fast and responsive due to being written in C++, using the GPU and it is asynchronous by default.
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Top
Pro
Smooth and easy to scale with a project
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Top
Pro
Permissive MIT license
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Top
Pro
Pythonic API
Despite originating from C/C++, DPG is the most Pythonic framework out there.
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Top
Pro
Open source
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Top
Pro
No GUI lag
GUI and Python API run at separate thread automatically!
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
License:
MIT
PRICE:
FREE
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Experiences
Get it
here
38
10
FLTK
All
8
Experiences
Pros
5
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Simplicity
It's simple design and lack of more advanced C++ features makes it easy for beginners.
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Top
Con
Can be too simple for some projects
FLTK offers far fewer widgets than most other toolkits.
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Top
Pro
Fast
Well-designed widgets, coded with careful attention to rendering/execution speed.
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Top
Con
Does not look like a native application
Because it uses non-native widgets, it doesn't look like a native application on any platform.
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Top
Pro
Stable
FLTK code developed more than 10 years ago still compiles and runs perfectly, without changes.
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Pro
Lightweight
Uses a limited and lightweight design and restricts itself to solely GUI functionality. Because of this restriction, the FLTK hello world example is only about 100 KiB.
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Top
Pro
GUI designer
Fast Light User-Interface Designer (FLUID) included.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
Languages:
C++, Haskell, Rust, Ruby, Lua, Perl, Python
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Experiences
Free
42
11
Ultimate++
All
10
Experiences
Pros
7
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Visual designer
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Top
Con
Strictly C++
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Top
Pro
Simple to use
The whole framework is easy to use.
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Top
Con
This is an application development framework not simply a GUI toolkit / library API
It is designed for you to develop your whole application using it, not just your GUI. Most people probably are not really looking for that.
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Top
Pro
Documentation and help tool
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Top
Pro
Code analyzer
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Top
Pro
Easy to learn
The whole framework is easy to learn thanks to multiple tutorials.
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Top
Pro
Free
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Top
Pro
Helpful community
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
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Experiences
Free
48
14
Godot
All
45
Experiences
Pros
30
Cons
14
Specs
Top
Pro
Fully dedicated 2D engine, no hacks
Godot has a mature 2D engine with many features used by modern 2D games.
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Top
Con
Primarily supports own language (GD Script)
Although C# is also supported by Godot, it is only supported by a separate version, and Mono must be downloaded separately. While GDScript is very accessible, and if you know Python you'll pick it up fast, having to learn a new language to fully make use of the platform can be a bit discouraging. And for those learning to code as well as learning Godot for the first time, many would rather learn a language they can 'take with them' when they explore other platforms in the future.
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Pro
Lightweight
The executable is portable and less than 40 MB in size.
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Con
C++ Engine API not very friendly
The base C++ code from Godot is not documented, it's hard to set it up, to compile and hard to extend, it could use better programming standards.
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Pro
Under constant development
This engine barely released one year ago has more than 1000 forks on github and about 100 developers. Not only that just a bit of browsing trough issues you will quickly find out the dev community loves new esp free technology and does not shy away from completely rewriting parts of the engine. The audio engine is being completely rewritten to use threads and so forth.
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Con
Annoying minor bugs
Minor bugs can go unaddressed for some time, due to it being a free program.
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Top
Pro
User friendly UI for all your team
Non-programmers (musicians, artists, etc) can join the development easily.
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Top
Con
GDScript is quite immature language
GDScript is copy of python and the real problem is, it is not python. Which means it cannot have all the power and new features that is available in Python or other programming language. It does have some good features but it is not good enough for what you need if you want to deep dive into game development. You can just feel that by the godot team is solving that matter by supporting mono version. Because C# is popular in other game engine and it contains all the new features that is available from new programming language. If i give you very simple example for why GDScript is immature, GDScript does not support asynchronous programming. Which is very efficient for performance of your game. You may mention about multi-threading because asynchronous programming is one way of multi-threading. However If you try that in Godot, you cannot multi-threading where you want to implement asynchronous system. For example, Autoload (Fake singleton) where you want to manage data in real time. Autoload is not real singleton. It is not a separated thread that manage data. Therefore everything is synchronous in autoload. Even though you create new thread from Autoload script, your game will just stop and wait for your thread to finish its task...
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Pro
Free and open source
Godot is licensed under MIT license. Anyone can grab the source from here, and compile the engine themselves.
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Top
Con
Godot 3/4 split
The recent release of Godot 4 brings new features, but isn't yet fully documented, and performance may not be as optimized.
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Pro
Editor and runtime are fully cross-platform
You can run Godot on all 3 major operating systems (Windows/Mac/Linux) and build your game to all available platforms from each without any platform-specific work needed. All platforms including Linux are supported first class.
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Con
No console targets
Given that you can target both desktops and consoles with the same code base in other engines, the lack of support for consoles in Godot is pretty hard to get past if targeting desktops for a game. But asking for an open-source engine to target consoles is probably too much to ask. But it would be interesting to see some legacy consoles targeted even if current ones cannot be.
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Top
Pro
Drag & drop interface
Many parts of the editor allow you to drag & drop, which makes working with assets and scene trees a joy.
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Top
Con
It's hard to learn
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Pro
Can be deployed to multiple platforms
Deploy games to desktops (Windows/OS X/Linux), smartphones (iOS/Android/BlackBerry), and the web (HTML5 via Emscripten).
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Con
Difficult to optimize
Godot has an OOP architecture. Everything is an object internally and data is spread among many classes, thus it's difficult to optimize (i.e. not cache friendly, difficuly to vectorize or paralellize, etc). Read about "Data Oriented Design" for more info about the problems and solutions.
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Top
Pro
The list of supported languages is growing
Officially, Godot supported languages for now will be GDScript, C#(Mono), VisualScript and C++.
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Con
Strange terminology at its base
Scenes can be made up of other scenes. That makes some sense. But even the smallest object (or prefab or asset) in a scene -- such as that spoon on the table or the marble on the floor -- is still called a scene... except when it's called a node. This is a bit odd for those coming from other engines. With all the great decisions behind the basic design of this engine, the choice of this term from all the potential other terms out there seems really out of place and only serves as a constant reminder that not everything about Godot is great.
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Top
Pro
Integrated animation editor
Every property can be animated.
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Con
No built-in way to import atlases
Godot does not have an easy and automatic way to import atlases created by other tools. However, there are plugins that can be used to import atlases from other engines.
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Pro
Built-in physics
Add physics to 2D and 3D scenes, through rigid and static bodies, characters, raycasts, vehicles and more.
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Top
Con
2DPhysics is weak compared to Box2d
Box2d has much more features.
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Top
Pro
Unified game editor interface
All the game development work is done inside one program: the engine editor. The scripting is done in the same program. No need for Eclipse or other front-end editors.
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Con
NoAdmob or other AdNetwork support
Godot has no native support for implementing advertisements into your game.
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Pro
Instancing and node concept makes sense
The node and the instancing concept work very well and helps developers to structure content efficiently.
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Con
Many buggy and half-finished features
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Pro
Fun to use
An important aspect that can't be grasped without using the engine for a few days. The Interface is evolving nicely and making games is just fun.
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Con
Hard for a Unity user
Coming from a Unity background, Godot engine is hard.
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Pro
Internationalization of the editor
You can change the language shown in menus. Godot translations can be found here.
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Pro
Easy to learn scripting language
Godot has their own scripting language called GDScript. The scripting language is easy to learn with Python-like syntax, but it is not Python. It's very powerful, easy to learn, and it's free of unnecessary things because it was custom built for optimized integration with the Godot Engine. It can be used to add custom behaviors to any object by extending it with scripting, using the built-in editor with syntax highlighting and code completion. A built-in debugger with breakpoints and stepping can be used and graphs for possible bottlenecks can be checked.
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Pro
Really good community
The community is great and really cares about the engine. It is easy to get help and to be part of Godot's future.
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Pro
Creating editor tools is a breeze
Godot Engine is itself a Godot game. By adding the "tool" keyword to the top of a script, you can design extensions for the editor itself INSIDE the editor. Integrating these editor scripts into a bundled plugin for sharing is extremely easy to do.
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Pro
Friendly towards Version Control Systems
The engine is build not only to support version control but to really use it. Scene files for example which usually get compiled into some sort of unreadable data stay in a text format - that way you can actually see your changes in a version control system like Git.
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Pro
Doesn't need to be installed into the system
Godot is very portable, you can download the file from a website then put it on a USB and run it on your other computer without any troublesome errors.
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Pro
Easily expanded scripting system
With 3.0's addition of NativeScript and PluginScript via GDNative, developers can easily define bindings for new scripting languages. In addition to the primarily supported C++, GDScript, VisualScript, and C# languages, the community has contributed D, Nim, and Python as well with more on the way.
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Pro
Incredible documentation after 3.2.2 beta
The documentation used to be weak, but now we have nathen with his help the documentation is the strongest advantage.
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Pro
Scene Based editing
Godot gives you the ability to create scenes to make your life easier, with reusable objects and things you want to incorporate in your games. This makes the game making processvery streamlined and organized.
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Pro
Built-in documentation linked to the internal ScriptEditor
The editor has a fully searchable index of class API documentation for everything the engine offers (NOT just a web interface). You can easily open the documentation for any class by Ctrl-clicking the class's name in the in-engine text editor for scripts.
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Pro
Simple and readable codebase
The engine's source code is easy to read and understand with a self-documenting approach to code design. You don't have to wait months or years for other people to fix an engine bug that is important to your game. Often times, you can spend an hour or two of your own time to fix whatever problems you encounter yourself.
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Pro
Easy to get involved
No need to learn anything with node, you can build a game without typing a line of code + has visual scripting.
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Pro
Engine is yours
There is no royalty and the game you made + engine itself is yours.
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Pro
Can be installed on Steam
You can easily install Godot via the Steam store.
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Pro
Comprehensive tooling
In addition to the scene editor and the script editor (with debugger), the engine also provides a tile map editor, an animation editor (not just for rigs), a performance monitor, a network profiler, and an audio bus console.
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Pro
It has a visual scripting tool (Godot 3)
It has a great visual scripting tool. It's a great choice if you don't like to code. This was however removed in Godot 4, so you will need to use the (still supported) Godot 3 branch for visual scripting.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac, Android
Popular Language Bindings:
GDScript, C#, C++
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Experiences
Free
2148
325
GTK+
All
8
Experiences
Pros
3
Cons
4
Specs
Top
Pro
Language bindings
Supports a lot of languages like Java, Javascript, C++, Python, Pascal, FreeBasic and Haskell, but support for languages like C# and GO is only partial.
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Con
Sucks for traditional applications
GTK3 added CSD widgets and added a lot of paddings to make widgets bigger for touchscreen use, GTK4 also even removed Menubar and Toolbar widgets.
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Pro
Nicer user interface when using PyGi
Creating cross platform enterprise apps with PyGi and with the help of Gtk Themes makes them look great.
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Con
No menuicons or mnemonics
Gtk3 has removed the support of icons and mnemonics making navigating menus just terrible for the use with a keyboard. Sure there are some hacks to make them working again but they will never work as they did/do work in Windows, GTK2 or QT.
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Pro
Working with GTK focused Vala is great
Vala is made to make GTK easy [as well as for other things] and it really does, and makes it easier than working with C/C++, Python, or any other,
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Con
Terrible integration
Looks and feels like an alien on all other platforms than GNOME.
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Con
Promotes Wayland as the standard X11 server on Unix
Lets face it, Wayland is not a replacement for XORG since Wayland works currently only in GNOME and there are many issues. Some desktops and window managers will never get ported to Wayland and it is not available to all Unix and Unix-like systems. X11 on the other hand is available for almost everything, so it will be available for the next decade or even longer.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
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Experiences
Free
72
20
Sciter
All
6
Experiences
Pros
2
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
Multi language
Support for C++, C#, Delphi, D, Go, Rust, Powerbuilder. See Go bindings on GitHub. The binding for C# on GitHub, SciterSharp does not seem to be free: in a commercial product you should acquire a commercial license.
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Con
Linux version is not very mature
The Linux version is missing HTML/CSS features when compared to the Windows version.
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Pro
Lightweight
Only a single native DLL.
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Con
Not fully HTML5 compliant
Lacking HTML5 functionality and W3C standards: grabbing a library like JQuery or Bootstrap and use it in Sciter will not work.
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Con
Not WYSIWYG
Not WYSIWYG like WebForms or WPF.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac
Supported languages:
C++, C#, Delphi, D, Go, Rust, PowerBuilder
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Free / paid
22
8
Haxe
All
31
Experiences
Pros
25
Cons
5
Specs
Top
Pro
Compiles to multiple platforms and languages
Haxe allows you to develop for Web, iOS, Android, Blackberry, Windows, OSX, Linux and others, all at once, without the need to switch languages and maintain separate code bases. This is possible because Haxe can compile to JavaScript, ActionScript, Flash AVM bytecode, C++, Neko, PHP, C# (.NET) and Java. Support for even more platforms and languages is under development.
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Con
Bad support in some popular IDEs
While it has great support in Visual Studio Code and Vim for example, it still lacks support in some IDEs such as IntelliJ.
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Pro
Powerfully expressive but easy to learn
The language was designed to be very expressive with the smallest possible amount of syntactic sugar. There are actually fewer keywords than other languages with similar power.
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Con
You need to code interfaces to work with existing JavaScript code
Some popular libs like JQuery have maintained externs, for any specific code or lib already in JS you have to write the externs to use it in your haxe application.
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Pro
Extremely fast compilation
Haxe can easily compile over 100,000 lines of code to JS in seconds on a mid-spec computer.
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Con
No Qt support
There is currently no support for Qt.
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Pro
Similar to JavaScript and ActionScript 3
The language is very easy to learn for those with background in JavaScript or ActionScript 3.
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Con
Full programs only
You can create small utility functions with Haxe, but generally it is a lot more work than with other JS compilers. Haxe is best used when you have a larger project.
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Pro
Large library support. From servers to games.
Haxelib (common library repo) and other sources contain large codebases for anything from cryptography to communications. A lot of these are fully cross platform and work with the JavaScript target. The JavaScript target can be used for everything from node.js server applications (with code completion) to games using either the Flash-like OpenFL library or direct canvas or WebGL programming.
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Con
It's not easy to convince people it's as good as it really is unless you can get them to really try it
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Pro
Established project
Haxe has been around for more than 10 years (since 2005) and whilst not the most popular project, has had continuous growth. Highly unlikely to disappear or for support to stop.
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Pro
Friendly community
Friendly community
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Pro
Pick up errors at compile time
One big advantage over pure javascript, (or some other languages listed here) is that Haxe will pick up a whole range of errors when you compile, saving you the pain of having to try and debug them later. This includes everything from syntax errors ("Unexpected ;") to type errors ("Class user has no field username. Suggestion: username").
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Pro
First class code completion
Code completion is built into the compiler and available to the IDE allowing for much smarter code completion that can actually parse and understand the syntax tree.
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Pro
Small, readable output
The output that is generated can be trimmed using "dead code elimination" to only include those functions and libraries that are strictly necessary. All code is very readable with only minimal extras for specific functionality. Small output is good for frontend development as file size is a major concern.
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Pro
Powerful type inference with strong typing
After a type is inferred from its context, it cannot be changed to a new type, and type safety is done at compile time so it stays safe without the extra maintenance required for static typing.
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Pro
Syntactic macros
Syntactic macros allow you to extend compiler features at the syntax tree step. Macros come into play after code is parsed into the abstract syntax tree, and macros allow you to transform it before the rest of the compilation completes. This provides for immense power, while at the same time scoping the extensibility at a level that is powerful, but well constrained.
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Pro
Code reuse server side and client side
You can use the same classes on the server as you do on the client where applicable. This saves a lot of time.
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Pro
Ability to use existing JS libraries
Haxe has the ability to use "externs". These are haxe files which describe the usage of existing JS libraries. Get code completion and compile-time-checking for everything from jQuery to Node.js. Even without externs, native JS code can still be used through untyped code.
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Pro
Can create complex applications without needing webpack, npm or other crutches
Haxe has the power and expression to not need the npm dependancy hell that is common in js and typescript, bit it's still simple.
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Pro
Algebraic data types and pattern matching.
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Pro
Offload execution to the server with remoting
Using a remoting proxy you can get type safe server to client communications, allowing for remote method execution on the server as if they were part of the client side code.
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Pro
Package management like Java
Package tree is just directory tree, it's wonderful!
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Pro
Builtin conditional compilation support
Haxe supports conditional compilation, so depending on compiler flags Haxe will include or exlcude sections of your code. Making it easy to have debug and release builds.
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Pro
Abstract enums allow constants with exhaustiveness check
You can define constants in an abstract enum and when used in a switch/case statement Haxe checks for exhaustiveness, making sure every constant is covered - with no runtime implication.
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Pro
Type safety for exĂsting JS libraries
Haxe compiler will check types when using externs for existing libraries.
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Pro
Available in NPM
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Pro
Ability to skip type checking when calling non Haxe code
You should use externs when calling non Haxe code, but if you just need to call one or two external JS functions, you can skip type checking by calling untyped code.
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Pro
Create without needing to be limited to a language, target, or commercial ecosystem
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Pro
Abstracts allows me to create more intative api's without runtime overhead
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Specs
Platforms:
Web, iOS, Android, Blackberry, Windows, OSX, Linux
Supported languages:
C++, C#, Java, Javascript, PHP, Lua, Python, Actionscript
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Experiences
Free
252
70
PySide
All
5
Experiences
Pros
4
Cons
1
Top
Pro
Supported by the Qt Company
Qt for Python aka PySide2 is the official set of Python bindings supported by the Qt Company.
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Con
Similar to PyQt, you need a C++ background. at least you can read C++ code
Qt's document is poor, and Qt for Python(PySdie) is even worse. this document assumes that you are already familiar with Qt. if you want to customize a Widget, you need to look at the Qt C++ source code to know what to do.
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Pro
Qt widgets
Possibility to use a traditional widget-based user interface.
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Pro
QtQuick/QML
Possibility to use a declarative approach to define the user interface.
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Pro
Weak copyleft
PySide is licensed under the LGPL, which makes it easier to incorporate into commercial projects than PyQt.
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GPL, LGPL and commercial license
17
7
Xojo
All
4
Experiences
Pros
1
Cons
2
Specs
Top
Pro
Easy to use
Easy to make compiled native apps.
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Con
Subscription-based/Not free
Using this product you're betting the company will still be around. If they get bought out by an enterprise that wants to use the tech internally, all they need to do is stop offering subscriptions and suddenly you're scrambling to rebuild your entire app on other technology.
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Con
No Android support
They plan to eventually support Android, but for now, they only support iOS.
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Specs
Platforms:
Windows, Linux, Mac, Pi, Web,iOS
Visual GUI Builder:
Yes
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