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What are the best dependently typed languages?
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Sep 28, 2021
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12
Options
Considered
Best dependently typed languages
Price
Last Updated
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Idris
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Jul 2, 2021
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F*
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Sep 28, 2021
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ATS
-
Jun 3, 2021
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LEAN
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Aug 6, 2019
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Coq
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Feb 17, 2021
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--
Idris
My Rec
ommendation
for
Idris
My Recommendation for
Idris
All
5
Pros
3
Cons
2
Top
Pro
•••
Full dependent types
Idris not only has support for type classes, but is a fully dependently typed language, giving you the full power to statically verify your code.
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Top
Con
•••
Weaker type inference
As type inference is undecidable for dependently-typed languages, Idris cannot offer the full type inference that Haskell supports, and so more type annotations will be needed.
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Top
Pro
•••
Domain driven design and type driven development
Because of full dependent types in Idris, the programmer can focus more on modelling the domain with types and waste less time fixing common bugs that the type checker will catch. Dependent types help apply type driven development and a lot of code auto generation, making the compiler and type checker an ally in developing working software instead of just getting in the way.
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Con
•••
Different semantics from Haskell
Idris, while similar to Haskell, has strict semantics, which may cause some confusion if your backend is done in Haskell. If using Idris, it would make sense to do the backend in Idris as well, if not for the fact that Idris currently has fewer libraries available for web development than Haskell.
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Pro
•••
Compiles to executables or to JavaScript/Node, and other targets.
Idris comes with two code generators out of the box: one for executables, via your platform's C compiler, and one that can produce JavaScript code for the browser or for Node.js. There's an code generator API for writing one's one code generator; a number of third-party projects exist that give you, among others, WebAssembly, Erlang, Java, PHP, Python, Ruby, etc.
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6
1
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F*
My Rec
ommendation
for
F*
My Recommendation for
F*
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3
--
ATS
My Rec
ommendation
for
ATS
My Recommendation for
ATS
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4
--
LEAN
My Rec
ommendation
for
LEAN
My Recommendation for
LEAN
All
5
Pros
5
Top
Pro
•••
Interactive tutorial runs in the browser
Lean has a JavaScript version you can try online. (And a faster C++ version you can download.)
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Top
Pro
•••
Visual Studio Code support
Lean is a Microsoft Research project, so they have their own IDE support.
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Top
Pro
•••
Emacs support
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Pro
•••
Metaprogramming occurs in the same language as the theorem proving.
Because the metaprogramming occurs in the same level as the programming, you are able to write automated tactics that depend on mathematical objects you have already defined, and use those tactics to define more objects. It is a very powerful leap forward in automated and interactive theorem proving.
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Pro
•••
Permissive license
Apache 2.0
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3
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Coq
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Coq
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Coq
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1
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Agda
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Agda
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Agda
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1
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Epigram
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Epigram
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Epigram
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Mizar
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Mizar
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Mizar
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Matita
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Matita
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Alfa
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Alfa
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Alfa
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Cayenne
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ommendation
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Cayenne
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Cayenne
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1
Cons
1
Top
Con
•••
No longer maintained
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Twelf
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Twelf
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Killzone: Shadow Fall
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Killzone: Shadow Fall
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Killzone: Shadow Fall
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