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Productivity
What are the best terminal multiplexers?
8
Options
Considered
187
User
Recs.
Dec 5, 2023
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8
Options
Considered
Best terminal multiplexers
Price
License
Platforms
83
tmux
-
ISC license
-
--
Screen
-
-
-
--
Byobu
-
GPLv3
-
--
Vim
free
Vim License
Linux, macOS, Windows, Cygwin
--
abduco + dvtm
-
-
-
See Full List
83
tmux
My Rec
ommendation
for
tmux
My Recommendation for
tmux
All
14
Experiences
2
Pros
8
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
•••
Easily split panes
There is a keyboard shortcut that makes it easy to split a window and create more panes.
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Top
Con
•••
Poorly designed key binding
Counter-intuitive keyboard shortcuts make tmux very hard to use and learn.
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Michael Howitz's Experience
Once I started using it, i was fascinated.
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Specs
License:
ISC license
Top
Pro
•••
Windows linked to sessions
tmux calls the individual shell instances windows. They are displayed like tabs in the status line. These windows can be shared between different sessions, so that any given shell instance can be in any number of tmux sessions used for different purposes or by different users. This allows configurations like the following example: User A: wAB, wA1, wA2; User B: wB1, wAB, wB2
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Top
Con
•••
Bad scrolling support
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BrightKrotos's Experience
It works in many instances where I cannot have a full terminal emulator. To split screens, Terminator is great on desktop, but I can't use Terminator on the Windows Subsystem for Linux, or things like it. Anywhere you can get a linux terminal, tmux should run.
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Top
Pro
•••
Preserve the state 
As long as you don't close your session, you may even lose your SSH connection, it'll keep your state just as it was. So you can resume where you left off (via tmux attach).
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Top
Con
•••
No builtin telnet or serial support
It's considered bloat by the maintainers and for this reason there's no builtin support for them.
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Top
Pro
•••
Maximize screen space 
As a tiling window manager, it'll make use of all the space. As you have multiple workspaces and you can resize, etc. you can adjust to see what matters most.
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Top
Pro
•••
Frequently updated
Tmux is in a state of constant development. Updates are frequent and bug reports usually get an answer within days.
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Top
Pro
•••
Customizable
Open ~/.tmux.conf to get started. You can customize keybindings, the bottom status bar, color schemes, the clock screen, your time zone, and more.
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Top
Pro
•••
Mouse support
Mouse support can optionally be enabled, allowing e.g. scrolling with the mouse wheel, or switching panes with mouse clicks.
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Top
Pro
•••
Only need to learn a few keyboard shortcuts and commands to make much headway
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here
Recommend
104
7
--
Screen
My Rec
ommendation
for
Screen
My Recommendation for
Screen
All
7
Experiences
1
Pros
4
Cons
2
Top
Pro
•••
Preserve your session
Screen allows multiple terminals (screens) within a single screen number, so when you reconnect they will all be there.
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Top
Con
•••
Scrolling becomes tricky
You can no longer scroll with your mouse wheel, unless you do Ctra-a + Escape first
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Jamie Bullock's Experience
I don't really use the advanced features of screen very much such a screen splitting, but use it almost daily to preserve long running processes on my backup server. Very useful.
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Top
Pro
•••
It is installed by default on a lot of systems including macOS
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Top
Con
•••
Doesn't work too well with ssh X connections
If you have an X connection over ssh within screen, it likely won't reconnect when you reconnect your screen.
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Top
Pro
•••
Supports shared sessions
More than one user can be connected to a single screen session.
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Top
Pro
•••
Also works as serial port terminal
This is actually very valuable for embedded or networking work.
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Recommend
20
4
--
Byobu
My Rec
ommendation
for
Byobu
My Recommendation for
Byobu
All
9
Pros
5
Cons
3
Specs
Top
Pro
•••
Easy to get started
All of byobu's functionality is conveniently mapped to F1 to F12. It has a help menu to see keybindings and offers window tabs in an easy to interpret format. All this makes it easy to get started (can get in the way of power users, though).
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Top
Con
•••
Can't be used as login shell
The byobu abstraction layers don't pass the parameters on to tmux or screen that indicate that they should run as a login shell. This means that you can't run 'ssh -t hostname byobu'. You need to use 'ssh -t hostname bash -l -c byobu'. A second implication is that the inner shell won't know to read the .profile file instead of the .$SHELLrc file. I know of no workaround for this.
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Specs
License:
GPLv3
Top
Pro
•••
Abstracts tmux and screen with a single user interface.
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Top
Con
•••
Comparatively heavy
byobu adds a lot of functionality to the default tmux display. Most of that can't be implemented using the internal variables tmux provides, but requires executing external scripts. This must be done on every update of the status bar, which happens once a second. That means that the system is performing a lot of forks and interpreting a lot of scripts for this "thin shell wrapper".
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Top
Pro
•••
apt-get or yum install byobu
If neither tmux nor screen are already installed, installs tmux. Both screen and tmux can be installled at same time. Switch between either easily.
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Top
Con
•••
Adds only a relatively superficial abstraction on tmux or screen
Byobu still uses GNU Screen or tmux as the backend, so from a usability perspective it doesn't add much in terms of new functionalities, instead it only adds a layer of abstraction on top of them.
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Top
Pro
•••
Adds OS dashboard alerts
byobu has support for OS alerts when an event happens.
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Top
Pro
•••
Basic package in Ubuntu Server
Byobu package is part of the basic packages in Ubuntu Server distributions.
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here
Recommend
24
4
--
Vim
My Rec
ommendation
for
Vim
My Recommendation for
Vim
All
1
Specs
Specs
License:
Vim License
Platforms:
Linux, macOS, Windows, Cygwin
Price:
0
Extension language:
Vim
Hide
free
Recommend
2
--
abduco + dvtm
My Rec
ommendation
for
abduco + dvtm
My Recommendation for
abduco + dvtm
All
5
Pros
3
Cons
2
Top
Pro
•••
Simpler and cleaner than tmux or screen
Contains less code. Does not have to be backwards compatible. Two separate tools, each doing its job: session management may be used separately from tiling window/pane management.
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Top
Con
•••
Not as widely/consistently available as similar tools
This isn't too unexpected since it's not as popular, but it can be annoying; even Ubuntu's repo version is 3 years out of date and lacks the tag features.
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Top
Pro
•••
Intuitive/carefully chosen keyboard shortcuts
There are the 13 shortcuts that let you accomplish the vast majority of what you'll ever need (Mod is ctrl-g by default): Window manipulation: Mod-c to create a window, Mod-l/h to adjust window size, Mod-j/k to change window, Mod-n to select nth window in view, Mod-enter to swap with master window, Mod-space to change layout. Tagging: Mod-t n to tag a window with the nth tag (1..5), Mod-T n to add/remove tag n to/from the window, Mod-v to view all windows with tag n, Mod-V to add/remove all windows with tag n to/from view, Mod-0 to view all windows.
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Top
Con
•••
Not so actively developed
Even though other options don't see updates often as well. Despite this, it's fairly feature-complete and very stable.
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Top
Pro
•••
Fairly feature-complete and stable
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See All
Get it
here
Recommend
11
1
--
3mux
My Rec
ommendation
for
3mux
My Recommendation for
3mux
All
1
Specs
Specs
License:
MIT
Hide
FREE
Recommend
4
--
tab-rs
My Rec
ommendation
for
tab-rs
My Recommendation for
tab-rs
All
4
Experiences
1
Pros
2
Cons
1
Top
Pro
•••
Configurable workspaces
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Top
Con
•••
Less mature than tmux/screen
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HumbleHathor's Experience
I tried tmux and screen. I tried tab and liked it's simplicity and focus on usability.
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Top
Pro
•••
Very easy to use
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See All
Get it
here
Recommend
5
--
mtm
My Rec
ommendation
for
mtm
My Recommendation for
mtm
All
7
Experiences
1
Pros
4
Cons
1
Specs
Top
Pro
•••
Easy to use
There are three commands (change focus, split, close). There are no modes, no dozens of commands, no crazy feature list.
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Top
Con
•••
Not widely available in repos
You'll probably have to compile it yourself.
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PrudentMilEspaine's Experience
Most terminal multiplexers concentrate on the attach/detach functionality that fascinates sysops. MTM is the multiplexer for the rest of us, who just want to run cmus and alsamixer on the same console.
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Specs
License:
GPLv3
Top
Pro
•••
Compatible with multiple systems
mtm emulates a classic ANSI text terminal. That means it should work out of the box on essentially all terminfo/termcap-based systems (even pretty old ones), without needing to install a new termcap entry.
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Top
Pro
•••
Very lightweight
mtm is small. The entire project is around 1000 lines of code.
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Top
Pro
•••
Very stable
mtm is "finished" as it is now. You don't need to worry about it changing on you unexpectedly.
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Get it
here
Recommend
1
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