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C# was Microsoft's answer to Java, which it resembles. In the beginning C# was a Windows only affair. .NET also allows programming in other languages like VB.NET and F#. ASP.NET can be used for web development. The newer .NET Core allows multi-platform development.
Online tutorial and in browser tutorial.
SpecsUpdate
Pros
Pro Visual Studio
The Visual Studio IDE offers one of the best development environments. The Community Edition can be used for free.
Pro Can be used in a variety of fields
with Xamarin for Mobile (ios, android)
with .net core asp for server (linux, windows)
with .net core for desktop (windows, mac)
with mono for desktop (windows, linux)
with blazor for web client with webassembly.
However, it is not considered top for any of those categories
top choice for windows desktop with .net framework
top choice for Unity
.net 5 will unify frameworks similar to JVM (just one)
Pro It is a C like language.
Being a C like language counts in favor for it as a general purpose programming language, given the ease of using existing skills to pick up this language easily.
there are other superior languages that could be used as a general purpose, such as: F#, Haskell, but the complexity of those languages, being functional, make them strange to the usual C Syntax.
C# is better than C whenever garbage collection, Objects, classes, data access, are needed. But C is going to be the choice when hardware access and performance are paramount.