Recs.
Updated
C# was Microsoft's answer to Java, which it resembles. In the beginning C# was a Windows only affair. .NET also allows programming in other languages like VB.NET and F#. ASP.NET can be used for web development. The newer .NET Core allows multi-platform development.
Online tutorial and in browser tutorial.
SpecsUpdate
Pros
Pro It is a C like language
Being a C like language counts in favor for it as a general purpose programming language, given the ease of using existing skills to pick up this language easily.
There are other superior languages that could be used as a general purpose, such as: F#, Haskell, but the complexity of those languages, being functional, make them strange to the usual C Syntax.
C# is better than C whenever garbage collection, Objects, classes, data access, are needed. But C is going to be the choice when hardware access and performance are paramount.
Pro Visual Studio
The Visual Studio IDE offers one of the best development environments. The Community Edition can be used for free.