When comparing Rainbow vs Gosu, the Slant community recommends Gosu for most people. In the question“What are the best 2D game engines?” Gosu is ranked 50th while Rainbow is ranked 79th. The most important reason people chose Gosu is:
Gosu is not a game development framework, only a media library that happens to be suited to game development. (Kind of like SDL in the C world.) That means the interface is relatively small.
Specs
Ranked in these QuestionsQuestion Ranking
Pros
Pro Open source
Distributed under the MIT License.
Pro Written in modern C++, is scriptable in Lua
Pro Cross-platform
With support for Android, iOS, Linux, Mac OS X and Windows.
Pro Optional FMOD audio engine
Pro Supports Spine
Pro Physics
Box2D integrated with Lua bindings.
Pro Lightweight
Gosu is not a game development framework, only a media library that happens to be suited to game development. (Kind of like SDL in the C world.) That means the interface is relatively small.
Pro Mature API, actively maintained and developed
Gosu has been under development since 2001. It is mature and has several toolkits built on top of it to provide additional functionality.

Pro Cross-platform, even mobile, using Ruby
Cons
Con Not as feature-rich as other engines
Con Small community
Being fairly new on the scene, there aren't much of a community to speak of.
Con Deploying Ruby apps is a mess
Games built with the Ruby to .exe "compiler" do nothing more than extract your source code and Ruby.exe to %TEMP%, then run it. The code is not really compiled at all. The process for wrapping games as Mac apps is a bit nicer, but you'll need a paid Apple Developer subscription to code sign the app, or users will see a warning/error when running your game.
The only way to really compile Ruby is to use RubyMotion, which does not work on Windows and requires a paid subscription on top of the Apple Developer one.
(This Con is not specific to Gosu. Deploying Ruby code has never been fun.)
